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  3. (北京大学2013年试题) Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by t

(北京大学2013年试题) Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by t

游客2025-04-01  13
问题    (北京大学2013年试题)
   Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left. In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities professors【C1】______being deposed by science, which they regarded as right-leaning. Postmodernism【C2】______ideas from cultural anthropology and relativity theory to argue that truth is【C3】______and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer. Science is just one of many ways of knowing, they argued, neither more nor less【C4】______than others, like those of Aborigines, Native Americans or women.【C5】______, they defined science as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool of cultural【C6】______This argument【C7】______with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted, leading to the "political correctness" justifiably【C8】______by Rush Limbaugh and the "mental masturbation" lampooned by Woody Allen.
   Acceptance of this relativistic worldview【C9】______democracy and leads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism. John Locke, one of Jefferson’s "trinity of three greatest men," showed【C10】______almost three centuries ago. Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism, each claiming to be the one true religion, and asked: How do we know something to be true? What is the basis of knowledge? In 1689 he【C11】______what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical world in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Any claim that fails this test is "but faith, or opinion, but not knowledge. " It was this idea—that the world is knowable and that objective, empirical knowledge is the most【C12】______basis for public policy that stood as Jefferson’s foundational argument for democracy.
   By falsely【C13】______knowledge with opinion, postmodernists and antiscience conservatives alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlightenment era, leaving no common basis for public policy. Public discourse is【C14】______to endless warring opinions, none seen as more valid than another. Policy is determined by the loudest voices, reducing us to a world in which might【C15】______right—the classic definition of authoritarianism. [br] 【C12】
选项 A、practical
B、equal
C、useful
D、equitable
答案 D
解析 四个选项的意思分别是：practical实际的；equal平等的；useful有用的；equitable公平的，公正的。句子的意思是，世界是可知的、客观的，以经验为依据的知识是公共政策最______基础。前文一直在说民主，由此可推出，这一观点认为以经验为依据的知识是制定公共政策最公正的基础。因此可以推出答案是D选项。
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