首页
登录
职称英语
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with se
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with se
游客
2025-03-29
26
管理
问题
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to population. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the opposite sex. This is essentially a " group selection" argument. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This "genetic" argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females, then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an "evolutionarily stable strategy. " Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essential feature of a game that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.
Since Fisher’s time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chromosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining(X or Y)chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher’s argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that the mathematical theory of games has been______.
选项
A、developed by scientists with an interest in genetics
B、useful in explaining some biological phenomena
C、adopted by Hamilton in his research
D、based on animal studies conducted prior to 1930
答案
B
解析
本题考查的是对文章的综合理解。B项“在解释生物学现象方面有用”是最佳答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4018178.html
相关试题推荐
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
AtleastsincetheIndustrialRevolution,genderroleshavebeeninastate
Desertplants______twocategoriesaccordingtothewaytheydealwiththeprobl
Theearthiswitnessinganurbanrevolution,aspeopleworldwidecrowdinto
随机试题
WhichofthefollowingisNOTthepurposeofAmerica’scentralbank?[br][orig
WhichofthefollowingisNOTaCooperativeprinciple?A、Themaximofreference.
A.abuseB.appreciatedC.attractedD.linkedE.mixtureF.unionG.pe
U.S.ratesofdiseaseandsomecancers,【B1】______ofthebreast,areamongth
股东大会是股份公司的权力机构,由()组成。A.全体员工 B.公司高级管理
为γ-氨基丁酸同类物,具有激活、保护和修复脑细胞作用的药物是A:二甲弗林 B:
雌二醇的母体是A:雄甾烷 B:雌甾烷 C:孕甾烷 D:孕甾烯 E:胆甾烷
原发性肝癌的伴癌综合征可表现为 A.低血糖B.红细胞减少C.高血钙D.高
对国别风险应实行限额管理,在综合考虑跨境业务发展战略、国别风险评级和自身风险偏好
在全面实施建造师执业资格制度后仍然要坚持落实项目经理岗位责任制,项目经理岗位不是
最新回复
(
0
)