首页
登录
职称英语
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with se
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with se
游客
2025-03-29
3
管理
问题
The evolution of sex ratios has produced, in most plants and animals with separate sexes, approximately equal numbers of males and females. Why should this be so? Two main kinds of answers have been offered. One is couched in terms of advantage to population. It is argued that the sex ratio will evolve so as to maximize the number of meetings between individuals of the opposite sex. This is essentially a " group selection" argument. The other, and in my view correct, type of answer was first put forward by Fisher in 1930. This "genetic" argument starts from the assumption that genes can influence the relative numbers of male and female offspring produced by an individual carrying the genes. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. Suppose that the population consisted mostly of females, then an individual who produced sons only would have more grandchildren. In contrast, if the population consisted mostly of males, it would pay to have daughters. If, however, the population consisted of equal numbers of males and females, sons and daughters would be equally valuable. Thus a one-to-one sex ratio is the only stable ratio; it is an "evolutionarily stable strategy. " Although Fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essential feature of a game that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.
Since Fisher’s time, it has been realized that genes can sometimes influence the chromosome or gamete in which they find themselves so that the gamete will be more likely to participate in fertilization. If such a gene occurs on a sex-determining(X or Y)chromosome, then highly aberrant sex ratios can occur. But more immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fisher’s argument, it should still pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one could fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy. [br] According to the passage, successful game strategy depends on______.
选项
A、the ability to adjust one’s behavior in light of the behavior of others
B、the degree of stability one can create in one’s immediate environment
C、the accuracy with which one can predict future events
D、the success one achieves in conserving and storing one’s resources
答案
A
解析
从文中第一段的最后句话“his theory in corporates the essential feature of a game that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.”可知,A项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4018177.html
相关试题推荐
Theevolutionofsexratioshasproduced,inmostplantsandanimalswithse
Theevolutionofsexratioshasproduced,inmostplantsandanimalswithse
Theevolutionofsexratioshasproduced,inmostplantsandanimalswithse
Anytroopofwildanimalsshouldbeapproachedwarily.A、fearlesslyB、confidently
ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased__
"ItwasthebeginningofarevolutioninAmericaandtheworld,arevolution
"ItwasthebeginningofarevolutioninAmericaandtheworld,arevolution
"ItwasthebeginningofarevolutioninAmericaandtheworld,arevolution
Cananimalshaveasenseofhumor?SallyBlanchard,publisherofanewslette
Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichthe
随机试题
WhenaNewYorkerwashikinginEurope,hisSwissfriendkeptsaying"Listen
对于生殖腺的发生,下列哪项说法不恰当A.睾丸决定因子位于Y染色体短臂性决定区
B企业为禽类加工企业,有员工415人,厂房占地15000m2,有一车间、二车间、
中国成人超重和肥胖症预防与控制指南指出,中国成年人男性腰围(),女性腰围(
(2014年)通过收购股权的方式进行并购时,对目标公司进行估值所使用的折现率应是
天麻苷属于A.硫苷 B.吲哚苷 C.酚苷 D.醇苷 E.碳苷
无粘结预应力筋的张拉应严格按设计要求进行。当设计无要求时,通常,在预应力混凝土楼
过分合理化:指外在动机损害了内在动机。下列属于过分合理化的是()。A.有些孩子
共用题干 某运输企业投资400万元,购买了20辆额定吨位为5吨的货车,预计年固
关于混凝土工程定额的说法,正确的有()。A.预制混凝土定额不包括模板制作与安装
最新回复
(
0
)