首页
登录
职称英语
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research—and the scientists’ co
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research—and the scientists’ co
游客
2025-03-29
9
管理
问题
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research—and the scientists’ contempt of utility—was a long time dying. For a millennium after Archimedes, this separation of mechanics from geometry inhibited fundamental technological progress and in some areas repressed it altogether. But there was a still greater obstacle to change until the very end of the middle ages: the organization of society. The social system of fixed class relationships that prevailed through the Middle Ages(and in some areas much longer)itself hampered improvement. Under this system, the laboring masses, in exchange for the bare necessities of life, did all the productive work, while the privileged few—priests, nobles, and kings—concerned themselves only with ownership and maintenance of their own position. In the interest of their privileges they did achieve considerable progress in defense, in warmaking, in government, in trade, in the arts of leisure, and in the extraction of labor from their dependents, but they had no familiarity with the process of production. On the other hand, the laborers, who were familiar with manufacturing techniques, had no incentive to improve or increase production to the advantage of their masters. Thus, with one class possessing the requisite knowledge and experience, but lacking incentive and leisure, and the other class lacking the knowledge and experience, there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved.
The whole ancient world was built upon this relationship—a relationship as sterile as it was inhuman. The availability of slaves nullified the need for more efficient machinery. In many of the commonplace fields of human endeavor, actual stagnation prevailed for thousands of years. Not all the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome could develop the windmill or contrive so simple an instrument as the wheelbarrow—products of the tenth and thirteenth centuries respectively.
For about twenty-five centuries, two-thirds of the power of the horse was lost because he wasn’t shod, and much of the strength of the ox was wasted because his harness wasn’t modified to fit his shoulders. For more than five thousand years, sailors were confined to rivers and coasts by a primitive steering mechanism which required remarkably little alteration(in the thirteenth century)to become a rudder.
With any ingenuity at all, the ancient plough could have been put on wheels and the ploughshare shaped to bite and turn the sod instead of merely scratching it—but the ingenuity wasn’t forthcoming. And the villager of the Middle Ages, like the men who first had fire, had a smoke hole in the center of the straw and reed thatched roof of his one-room dwelling(which he shared with his animals), while the medieval charcoal burner(like his Stone Age ancestor)made himself a hut of small branches. [br] During the Middle Ages, productivity of labor______.
选项
A、was a primary concern of society
B、was hampered by class relationships
C、began to improve over levels reached by the Greeks
D、was in a period of technical progress
答案
B
解析
本题中,A、C、D三项都与文章的意思不符。从文中的第四句话“The social system of fixed...the Middle Ages(and in some areas much longer)itself hampered improvement.”可知,B项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4018172.html
相关试题推荐
Thebookgivesabrief______offthecourseofhisresearchuptillnow.A、outline
Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesshadbeentowardon-demand,
Whileresearchersmaynot______theexpansiveclaimsofhard-corevitaminenthusi
Asordinarypeople,scientistsarebynomeansmorehonestor______thanotherpe
TheonlysolidpiecesofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfide
TheGreek’sloftyattitudetowardscientificresearch—andthescientists’co
TheGreek’sloftyattitudetowardscientificresearch—andthescientists’co
ItisAestimatedthatascientificprinciplehasBalifeexpectancyofapproxima
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
Recentresearchfromanimalbehavioristssuggeststhat"asthecrowflies"s
随机试题
SiliconValleyisamagnettowhichnumeroustalentedengineers,scientists
PASSAGETHREE[br]Whatdoesthephrase"peeloffsomeofhisworry"(Paragraph9
给定关系模式R(A,B,C,D)、S(C,D,E),与π1,3,5(σ2='软件
下列属于数字信号优点的是()。A信号参量随消息连续变化 B抗干扰能力强、
进行上市公司调研时通常遵循的流程有()。 ①编写调研计划,如调研目的、调研对
股票及其他有价证券的( )是指以一定利率计算出来的未来收入的现值。A.利率价格
二氧化碳总量的参考值为()A.23~28ml/LB.24~29ml/LC.25
下列说法中,正确的是( )。A.大赦既赦其刑,又赦其罪B.特赦只赦其刑
(2017年真题)票据的功能包括()。A.汇兑作用 B.支付与结算作用
当股指期货的近月合约价格高于远月合约价格时,市场为正向市场。()
最新回复
(
0
)