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  3. Virtually nobody has memories from very early childhood—but it’s not because

Virtually nobody has memories from very early childhood—but it’s not because

游客2025-03-27  2
问题     Virtually nobody has memories from very early childhood—but it’s not because we don’t retain information as young children. Rather, it may be because at that age, our brains don’t yet function in a way that bundles information into the complex neural patterns that we know as memories.
    It’s clear that young children do remember facts in the moment—such as who their parents are, or that one must say "please" before mom will give you candy. This is called "semantic memory."
    Until sometime between the ages two and four, however, children lack "episodic memory"—memory regarding the details of a specific event. Such memories are stored in several parts of the brain’s surface, or "cortex." For example, memory of sound is processed in the auditory cortexes, on the sides of the brain, while visual memory is managed by the visual cortex, at the back. A region of the brain called the hippocampus(海马体)ties all the scattered pieces together.
    "If you think of your cortex as a flower bed, there are flowers all across the top of your head," said Patricia Bauer of Emory University in Atlanta. "The hippocampus, tucked very neatly in the middle of your brain, is responsible for pulling those all together and tying them in a bouquet(花束)." The memory is the bouquet—the neural pattern of linkages between the parts of the brain where a memory is stored.
    So why do kids usually fail to record specific episodes until the two-to-four age range? It may be because that’s when the hippocampus starts tying fragments of information together, said psychologist Nora Newcombe of Temple University in Philadelphia. And there may be a reason for this, Newcombe said. Episodic memory may be unnecessarily complex at a time when a child is just learning how the world works. "I think the primary goal of the first two years is to acquire semantic knowledge and from that point of view, episodic memory might actually be a distraction," Newcombe said. [br] Which of the following is an example of "episodic memory"?
选项 A、Brides remember what happened on their weddings.
B、Little kids remember their parents’ names.
C、We remember to wash hands before meals.
D、We remember to say "Thank you" for others’ help.
答案 A
解析 第三段第一句说人在二到四岁之间开始具备“情景记忆”，即关于某一具体事件的细节的记忆。四个选项中只有A“新娘记得婚礼上发生的事情”属于“情景记忆”。其他三个选项都属于“语义记忆”。
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