首页
登录
职称英语
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international
游客
2025-03-25
21
管理
问题
Despite much loose talk about the new global economy, today’s international economic integration is not unprecedented. The 50 years before the first world war saw large cross-border flows of goods, capital and people. That period of globalization, like the present one, was driven by reductions in trade barriers and by sharp falls in transport costs, thanks to the development of railways and steamships. The present surge of globalization is in a way, a resumption (恢复) of that previous trend. The earlier attempt at globalization ended abruptly with the first world war, after which the world moved into a period of fierce trade protectionism and tight restrictions on capital movement. During the early 1930s, America sharply increased its tariffs, and other countries retaliated (报复), making the Great Depression even greater. The volume of world trade fell sharply. International capital flows virtually dried up in the interwar period as governments imposed controls to try to insulate (隔离) their economies from the impact of a global slump.
Capital controls were maintained after the second world war, as the victors decided to keep their exchange rates fixed on arrangement known as the Bretton Woods System, named after the American town in which it was approved. But the big economic powers also agreed that reducing trade barriers was vital to recovery. They set up the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which organized a series of negotiations that gradually reduced import tariffs. GATT was replaced by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. Trade flourished.
In the early 1970s, the Bretton Woods System collapsed and currencies were allowed to float against one another at whatever rates the markets set. This signaled the rebirth of global capital market. America and Germany quickly stopped trying to control the inflow and outflow of capital, Britain abolished capital controls in 1979 and Japan (mostly) in 1980. This is part of the reason why continental Europeans tend to worry more about the power of global capital markets. America has been exposed to them for much longer.
Two forces have been driving these increased flows of goods and money. The first is technology. With the costs of communication and computing falling rapidly, the natural barriers of time and space that separate national markets have been falling too. The second driving force has been liberalization. As a result of both the GATT negotiations and unilateral (单方面的,单边的) decisions, almost all countries have lowered barriers to foreign trade. Most countries have welcomed international capital as well.
选项
A、large cross-border flows of people
B、development of railways and steamships
C、sharp falls in transport costs
D、emergence of network
答案
C
解析
细节题。在第一段中讲到,早期的那次全球化跟现在的这次全球化一样,都是由贸易壁垒减少、交通费用骤降而推动的。由此可知,今天全球化的推动力量之一就是交通费用骤降。故C是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/4013016.html
相关试题推荐
Despitethe______changesinthiscountry,manytoughissuesremainunsolved.A、ro
Inthedisciplinesunderlyingourhigh-techeconomy,Americaissteadilylosing
Oneofthedrivingforcesoftoday’sglobalizationis______.[br]Technologyh
Oneofthedrivingforcesoftoday’sglobalizationis______.[br]Theglobalc
Globalclimatechange,oftenseenasaprocessstretchingoverthousandsof
Ifacountrywantstodevelopitseconomysuccessfully,therehastobeaclear_
Despitealmostuniversal______ofthevitalimportanceofwomen’sliteracy,educa
Despiteacoolingoftheeconomy,hightechnologycompaniesarestillcrying
Despiteacoolingoftheeconomy,hightechnologycompaniesarestillcrying
Despiteacoolingoftheeconomy,hightechnologycompaniesarestillcrying
随机试题
Wehaveproducedtwiceasmuchsteelthisyear______4yearsago.A、thanwedid
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions:Inthispart,y
Hispenchantforlearninghistoryshouldprovetobe______duringhisstudiesto
电磁波产生的规律为()。A.变化的磁场可以激发涡旋电场 B.变化的电场可以激发
A.低氧 B.高CO2 C.两者均有 D.两者均无普鲁卡因高铁血红蛋白症(
《义务教育体育与健康课程标准(2011年版)》中“身体健康目标”的具体内容包括哪
级配碎石用做基层时,其压实度不应小于()。A、92% B、94% C、
治疗风湿日久,累及肝肾的药对是A.五加皮、桑寄生B.蕲蛇、乌梢蛇C.络石藤、薏苡
对季节性冻土与多年冻土季节融化层采取原状土样或扰动土样的间隔应为()。A.
下列选项不属于银行机构市场准入的是( )。A.机构准入 B.第三方准入 C
最新回复
(
0
)