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  3. For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their

For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their

游客2025-03-21  21
问题     For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the "Netherlands," which means "low lands. " Very tall and strong walls, called dykes, have been built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke, great damage can be caused by floods when this happens.
    Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tide, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide the sea can flow into the rivers. This is because the land is so low.
    The battles against water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and better country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take, or reclaim (开垦，改造) land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years.
    Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between two islands. Two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into the sea.
    Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even when the land has been drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there would be very bad floods.
    A piece of reclaimed land is called a polder (新辟的低地), and Holland has thousands of polders. Some are very large, but others are quite small. There are farms on many of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land, and it gives good grass for cattle. Many small towns and villages stand on polders. Even Amsterdam’s great airport, Schiphol, was built on reclaimed land. This land used to be under the old Lake Haarlem. [br] We can infer from the passage that______.
选项 A、because the land is so low, the sea can flow back into the rivers at high tide
B、Dutch engineers do not reclaim land from a passage between two islands
C、water is the main enemy of Holland because it has a lot of rivers
D、the fighting against water has made the country higher and better
答案 A
解析 本题是一道引申推断类问题。问我们可以从文章中推断出什么。针对每个选项的内容，利用查阅式阅读法，结合原文相关部分，我们可以找出本题的正确答案应是A“由于陆地太低，涨潮时，海水会倒流人河流中”。参见题解1及文章第二段内容。B“荷兰工程师不是在两个小岛间的通道下开垦土地的”。根据文章第四段，人们通常是从两个小岛间的通道下开垦土地的。他们在通道两端筑起河堤把水关起来。然后，工程师们挖出一些长长的运河道把水抽进去。在退潮时这些运河道就把河水排入大海了。此选项不正确。C“由于荷兰有许多河流，因此水是荷兰人的一大天敌”。根据文章内容，荷兰人与水作斗争不仅因为河水，还因为海水。D“与水的斗争使得荷兰这个国家变得更高了、更好了”。参见题解2。
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