首页
登录
职称英语
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D. , the Byzantine Empire stage
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D. , the Byzantine Empire stage
游客
2025-02-26
7
管理
问题
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A. D. , the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.
To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civiliza- tions. Rome under Augustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, eco- nomic, and cultural forms of progress might help explain the dynamics of historical change.
The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival. No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first, economic advances second, and intellec- tual advances third. In the 860’ s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the em- pire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’ s economic revival, however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact,the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have in- fluenced the subsequent economic and military expansion. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that by the eleventh century the Byzantine military forces
选项
A、had reached their peak and begun to decline.
B、had eliminated the Bulgarian army.
C、were comparable in size to the army of Rome under Augustus.
D、were strong enough to withstand the Abbasid Caliphate’s military forces.
E、had achieved control of Byzantine governmental structures.
答案
D
解析
从文中推出,到11世纪时,拜占庭军事力量:A.达到了顶峰,开始衰落。见原文L17—21,11世纪初期应是军事强盛。B.消灭了保加利亚军队。无。C.和奥古斯都统治下罗马军队规模相仿。文中未提军队的规模问题。D.已经能强大到抵御阿拉伯哈里发军队的程度了。正确。见原文L57—60。原文L17—21又指出,到11世纪时军事力量仍强盛,因此此选项正确。E.控制拜占庭政府机构。无。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3973824.html
相关试题推荐
______thatthetradebetweenthetwocountriesreacheditshighestpoint.A、Duri
Concerningmoneyoranythingelse,conflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusually
Concerningmoneyoranythingelse,conflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusually
Concerningmoneyoranythingelse,conflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusually
The______goalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteachin
Concerningmoneyoranythingelse,conflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusu
Concerningmoneyoranythingelse,conflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusu
Concerningmoneyoranythingelse,conflictsbetweenhusbandandwifeusu
Fromthegoosethatlaidthegoldeneggtotheracebetweenthetortoise
Fromthegoosethatlaidthegoldeneggtotheracebetweenthetortoise
随机试题
EachofQuestions1to7presentstwoquantities.QuantityAandQuantityB.Com
Soviet’sNewWorkingWeekHistorianinvestigateshowStalinchangedthecalendar
女士们、先生们,朋友们:在中国农历新年伊始,我很荣幸访问英国,并出席“时代中国”活动开幕式。我谨代表中国政府,对“时代中国”活动的隆重开幕表示热烈祝贺
______nofurtherbusiness,theChairmanclosedthemeeting.A、ThereisB、Therew
关于难免流产下列哪项是正确的A.流产已不可避免 B.妊娠产物已部分排出体外
女性,28岁。近4天来出现低热、刺激性干咳,伴左侧胸痛。查体:双肺叩诊清音,双肺
A. B. C. D.
2018年6月6日,甲公司在P银行开立主办账户,并与其签订协议开通
根据《标准施工招标文件》,施工合同履行过程中发生过程变更时,由( )向承包人发出
某施工项目经理对商品混凝土的施工成本进行分析,发现其目标成本是44万元,实际成本
最新回复
(
0
)