One reason why a sheep, a less well-understood experimental subject

游客2025-02-22 45

问题          One reason why a sheep, a less well-understood experimental subject than
   the laboratory mouse, should have proved easier to clone may stem from
   differences in the initial stages of the two species’ embryonic development.
Line After reaching maturity in the ovary of the mother, the unfertilized eggs of all
(5)    mammals accumulate a supply of proteins, and the means of producing fresh
   protein. In this way, the mammalian egg brings with it a larder for the embryo
   to make use of until its own genes activate and supply this requirement
   themselves. The sheep embryo disposes of its store properly and need not
   depend on its own genes until the sixteen-cell stage, four cell divisions
(10)    successive to fertilization, while in contrast, the mouse embryo commences this
   process more precociously, becoming reliant on the activity of its own genes
   after just the first division when the fertilized egg becomes two cells.
   Therefore, a foreign nucleus introduced into a sheep egg exploits a respite in its
   host’s biological development, allowing it to adapt to its new role before
(15)    assuming genetic control.
         Concomitantly, a nucleus introduced into a mouse egg must acclimatize
   quickly for its genes to be able to direct embryonic development within a single
   cell division, so perhaps there is insufficient time for the extensive re-
   programming of compulsory gene activity. The human embryo is thought to rely
(20)    on its own genes after three cellular divisions, which might or might not
   provide time enough for a foreign nucleus to acclimate.  However, were
   scientists to comprehend the nature of the indispensable re-programming then
   there is every likelihood that both mice and humans could be cloned.
         Despite the long-standing availability of this technology, there has until
(25)    recently been little interest in it. Some people suffering from infertility as a
   result of rare hereditary diseases could produce offspring, but cloned individuals
   may be at risk given scientists’ limited knowledge of the long term effects of
   allowing an "old" adult cell nucleus to commence life again in an egg. The
   nucleus of a skin cell could have accumulated a multitude of genetic mistakes of
(30)    no consequence to its role in the skin, but the same cell could prove deleterious
   in other tissues, or immensely increase the probability of the affliction with
   cancer. The threat to general human health posed by cloning, as opposed to the
   individual, is difficult to determine, but the risks are almost certainly lower
   than those encountered in the effective inbreeding of consanguine marriages,
(35)    and thus there are no scientific grounds per se for banning cloning. Like other
   practices inconsequential to the physical well being of humanity, but generally
   deemed undesirable on moral or social grounds, the prohibition of human
   cloning will ultimately rest with only a simple pragmatic decision. [br] Information in the passage provides support for which of the following assertions concerning human cloning? Ⅰ. A better understanding of the genetic reprogramming process would not likely allow us to clone higher mammals. Ⅱ. The threat to public health that cloning presents should concern us more than that its threat to individual health. Ⅲ. The lack of interest in cloning owes less to a lack of technology than a skepticism toward its possible benefits.

选项 A、Ⅰ only
B、Ⅱ only
C、Ⅲ only
D、Ⅰ and Ⅲ only
E、Ⅰ,Ⅱ, and Ⅲ

答案 C

解析

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One reason why a sheep, a less well-understood experimental subject

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