首页
登录
职称英语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
游客
2025-02-16
10
管理
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
The future of fish
The face of the ocean has changed completely since the first commercial fishers cast their nets and hooks over a thousand years ago. Fisheries intensified over the centuries, but even by the nineteenth century it was still felt, justifiably, that the plentiful resources of the sea were for the most part beyond the reach of fishing, and so there was little need to restrict fishing or create protected areas. The twentieth century heralded an escalation in fishing intensity that is unprecedented in the history of the oceans, and modern fishing technologies leave fish no place to hide. Today, the only refuges from fishing are those we deliberately create. Unhappily, the sea trails far behind the land in terms of the area and the quality of protection given.
For centuries, as fishing and commerce have expanded, we have held onto the notion that the sea is different from the land. We still view it as a place where people and nations should be free to come and go at will, as well as somewhere that should be free for us to exploit. Perhaps this is why we have been so reluctant to protect the sea. On land, protected areas have proliferated as human populations have grown. Here, compared to the sea, we have made greater headway in our struggle to maintain the richness and variety of wildlife and landscape. Twelve percent of the world’s land is now contained in protected areas, whereas the corresponding figure for the sea is but three-fifths of one percent. Worse still, most marine protected areas allow some fishing to continue. Areas off-limits to all exploitation cover something like one five-thousandth of the total area of the world’s seas.
Today, we are belatedly coming to realise that ’natural refuges’ from fishing have played a critical role in sustaining fisheries, and maintaining healthy and diverse marine ecosystems. This does not mean that marine reserves can rebuild fisheries on their own—other management measures are also required for that. However, places that are off-limits to fishing constitute the last and most important part of our package of reform for fisheries management. They underpin and enhance all our other efforts. There are limits to protection though.
Reserves cannot bring back what has died out. We can never resurrect globally extinct species, and restoring locally extinct animals may require reintroductions from elsewhere, if natural dispersal from remaining populations is insufficient. We are also seeing, in cases such as northern cod in Canada, that fishing can shift marine ecosystems into different states, where different mixes of species prevail. In many cases, these species are less desirable, since the prime fishing targets have gone or are much reduced in numbers, and changes may be difficult to reverse, even with a complete moratorium on fishing. The Mediterranean sailed by Ulysses, the legendary king of ancient Greece, supported abundant monk seals, loggerhead turtles and porpoises. Their disappearance through hunting and overfishing has totally restructured food webs, and recovery is likely to be much harder to achieve than their destruction was. This means that the sooner we act to protect marine life, the more certain will be our success.
To some people, creating marine reserves is an admission of failure. According to their logic, reserves should not be necessary if we have done our work properly in managing the uses we make of the sea. Many fisheries managers are still wedded to the idea that one day their models will work, and politicians will listen to their advice. Just give the approach time, and success will be theirs. How much time have we got? This approach has been tried and refined for the last 50 years. There have been few successes with which to feather the managers’ caps, but a growing litany of failure. The Common Fisheries Policy, the European Union’s instrument for the management of fisheries and aquaculture, exemplifies the worst pitfalls: flawed models, flawed advice, watered-down recommendations from government bureaucrats and then the disregard of much of this advice by politicians. When it all went wrong, as it inevitably had to, Europe sent its boats to other countries in order to obtain fish for far less than they were actually worth.
We are squandering the wealth of oceans. If we don’t break out of this cycle of failure, humanity will lose a key source of protein, and much more besides. Disrupting natural ecosystem processes, such as water purification, nutrient cycling, and carbon storage, could have ramifications for human life itself. We can go a long way to avoiding this catastrophic mistake with simple common sense management. Marine reserves lie at the heart of the reform. But they will not be sufficient if they are implemented only here and there to shore up the crumbling edifice of the ’rational fisheries management’ envisioned by scientists in the 1940s and 1950s. They have to be placed centre stage as a fundamental underpinning for everything we do in the oceans. Reserves are a first resort, not a final resort when all else fails.
Questions 27-31
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
Write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this [br] People should be encouraged to reduce the amount of fish they eat.
选项
答案
NG
解析
The passage focuses on ways of protecting ’supplies’ of fish; it does not discuss the option of limiting ’consumer demand’.
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3958956.html
相关试题推荐
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReading
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReading
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReading
ReadingPassage2hassevenparagraphs,A-G.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollo
ReadingPassage2hassevenparagraphs,A-G.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollo
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReading
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReading
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReading
随机试题
WhatdidHelenrecentlypass?[br][originaltext]M:Hi,Helen.Howdidyourdri
ThisarticlemainlydiscussesaboutthepopularityofChineseinwesterncountri
A. B.1/2 C.1 D.
A.32.5℃ B.35.4℃ C.37.5℃ D.39.5℃
产生最大肌力的肌肉类型是A.长肌 B.短肌 C.羽状肌 D.轮匣肌 E.
易造成枕骨大孔疝的疾病是()。A.脑挫裂伤 B.脑膜膨出 C.颅内动脉瘤
关于测绘人员调离或退休后,其测绘作业证处理的做法,错误的是()。A.收回
根据《药品注册管理办法》乙药品批准文号为“国药准字Z20190010”,其中Z表
竣工验收成果为竣工验收鉴定书,竣工验收鉴定书自通过之日起( )个工作日内,应由
索赔费用的组成中的人工费,包括增加工作内容的人工费、停工损失费和工作效率降低的损
最新回复
(
0
)