首页
登录
职称英语
SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-23Complete the notes below.Write NO MO
SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-23Complete the notes below.Write NO MO
游客
2025-02-14
15
管理
问题
SECTION 3 Questions 21-30
Questions 21-23
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer.
Braille-a system of writing for the blind
Louis Braille was blinded as a child in his 【21】______
Braille invented the writing system in the year 【22】______
An early writing system for the blind used embossed letters.
A military system using dots was called 【23】______
Chairman: We’re very pleased to welcome to our special interest group today, Dr. Linda Gray car who is from the City Institute for the Blind. Linda is going to talk to us about the system of writing for the blind known as Braille. Linda, welcome.
Dr. Gray car: Thank you.
Chairman: Now we’d like to keep this session pretty informal, and I know Linda won’t mind if members of the group want to ask questions as we go along. Let’s start with an obvious one. What is Braille and where does it get its name from?
Dr. Gray car: Well, as you said, Braille is a system of writing used by and for people who cannot see. Er, it gets its name from the man who invented it, the Frenchman Louis Braille who lived in the early 19th century. Chairman: Was Louis Braille actually blind himself?
Dr. Gray car: Well ... he wasn’t born blind, but he lost his sight at the age of three as the result of an accident in his father’s workshop. Louis Braille then went to Paris to the National Institute for Blind Children and that’s where he invented his writing system at the age of only 15 in 1824 while he was at the Institute.
Chairman: But he wasn’t the first person to invent a system of touch reading for the blind, was he?
Dr. Gray car: No - another Frenchman had already come up with the idea of printing embossed letters that stood out from the paper but this was very cumbersome and inefficient.
Chairman: Did er Louis Braille base his system on this first one?
Dr. Gray car: No, not really. When he first went to Paris he heard about a military system of writing using twelve dots. This was a system invented by an enterprising French army officer and it was known as ’night writing’ It wasn’t meant for the blind, but rather ... for battle communications at night.
Chairman: That must’ve been fun!
Dr. Gray car: Anyway, Braille took this system as a starting point but instead of using the twelve dots which ’night writing’ used, he cut the number of dots in half and developed a six-dot system.
Chairman: Can you give us a little more information about how it works?
Dr. Gray car: Well, it’s a system of touch reading which uses an arrangement of raised dots called a ’cell’. Braille numbered the dot positions 1-2-3 downward on the left and 4-5-6 downward on the right. The letters of the alphabet are then formed by using different combinations of these dots.
Student: Yes, so is the writing system based on the alphabet with each word being individually spelt out?
Dr. Gray car: Well ... it’s not quite that simple, I’m afraid. For instance, the first 10 letters of the alphabet are formed using dots 1, 2, 4 and 5. But Braille also has its own short forms for common words. For example, ’b’ for the word ’but’ and ’h’ for ’have’ - there are many other contractions like this.
Chairman: So you spell out most words letter by letter, but you use short forms for common words.
Dr. Gray car: Yes. Though, I think that makes it sound a little easier than it actually is!
Chairman: And was it immediately accepted? I mean, did it catch on straight away?
Dr. Gray car: Well, yes and no! Um, it was immediately accepted and used by Braille’s fellow students at the school but the system was not officially adopted until 1854, two years after Braille’s death. So, official acceptance was slow in coming!
Student: I suppose it works for all languages which use the roman alphabet?
Dr. Gray car: Yes, it does, with adaptations, of course.
Student: Can it be written by hand or do you need a machine to produce Braille?
Dr. Gray car: Well, you can write it by hand on to paper with a device called a slate and stylus but the trick is that you have to write backwards ... e.g. from right to left so that then when you turn your sheet over, the dots face upwards and can be read like English from left to right.
Student: Oh, I see.
Dr. Gray car: But these days you’d probably use a Braille- writing machine, which is a lot easier!
Chairman: And, er, tell us, Linda. Is Braille used in other ways other than for reading text?
Dr. Gray car: Yes, indeed. In addition to the literary Braille code, as it’s known, which of course includes English and French, there are other codes. For instance, in 1965 they created a form of Braille for Mathematics.
Student: I can’t, imagine trying to do maths in Braille!
Dr. Gray car: Yes, that does sound difficult, I agree. And there’s also a version for scientific notation. Oh and yes, I almost forgot, there is now a version for music notation as well.
Chairman: Well, thanks, Linda. That was most interesting. NOW, does any have any last questions?...
选项
答案
father’s workshop
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3956541.html
相关试题推荐
Theauthorusedarhetoricalquestionasaterminalflourishto______thesection
Thenewspapers’editorialsectionregularlypublishesthe(i)______ofthoseread
Philosophicalproblemsarisewhenpeopleaskquestionsthat,thoughvery____,h
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—Whatco
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyouquestionsaboutyourself,suchas:——What’syo
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyousomequestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—What
PART1Theexaminerwillaskyouquestionsaboutyourself,suchas:—What’syo
Discussiontopic:Films/MoviesExamplequestions:•Towhatextentdoyouthin
Discussiontopic:FamousPeopleExamplequestions:•Dofamouspeoplehavespe
3.PART3Discussiontopic:TraditionsExamplequestions:•Arepeopleinyourc
随机试题
TheU.S.dollaristraditionallythe______ofchoiceallovertheworldincase
除规定的休假或者探亲时间外,文职人员每年因事请假时间累计不得超过()。A.五日
管理学中的能级原理要求我们根据人的能力大小,赋以相应的责任和授以相应的职权。()
澳门历史城区是中国境内现存最古老、规模最大、保存最完整、最集中的中西特色建筑共存
读下图.回答题 关于图示区域农业生产特征叙述,正确的是( )。
班主任工作总结一般分为()A.学年总结和学期总结 B.全面总结和专题总结
燃气用量的预测与计算的主要任务是预测计算燃气的( )。A.日用量和小时用量
一住店客人未付房钱即想离开旅馆去车站。旅馆服务员揪住他不让走,并打报警电话。客人
使用根挺拔除断根的关键是A.了解断根的数目 B.找好支点 C.将根挺插入牙根
一般进口货物完税价格,除包括货物的货价外,还应包括的费用是( )A.与进口货物
最新回复
(
0
)