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  3. You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about

You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about

游客2025-02-04  22
问题     You will read a short passage, listen to a talk, and answer a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare a response and 60 seconds to record the response.
    Now read the passage about the concept of buffering. You will have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.
                                                Buffering
    Some animals live in social groups where some of the members are stronger, more dominant, and have better access to resources. Weaker animals, when trying to access resources, may provoke the aggression of the stronger animals. In order to avoid such confrontation, weaker animals may use an infant to help them interact with stronger animals in the group. This technique is called buffering because the infant acts as a buffer, or protective presence, between the two animals, enabling the weaker animal to approach more dominant animals without causing a fight. Scientists believe that buffering works because animals are usually less likely to behave aggressively in the presence of infant animals.
    Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a biology class.
    Explain how the examples from the lecture illustrate the concept of buffering.
Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a biology class.
    OK, so scientists have seen this happen with certain monkeys, like, for example, a species of monkey that lives in Japan. These monkeys live together; several dozen living together in a group and in these groups the stronger males are always first in line for the best food. If a weaker male monkey were to approach the lead males by himself when they’re eating to try to get some food, the stronger males might get angry and try to hurt it, so the weaker males have to wait until the stronger males have eaten and therefore don’t end up getting as much food.
    But what a weaker male will sometimes do is, it’ll actually borrow one of the babies in the group, a baby monkey from its mother. It’ll pick up the baby monkey and carry it along when it goes over to lead males to try to get some food and remarkably, when the weaker male monkey has the baby monkey with it, the stronger monkeys allow the weaker male to get closer, maybe even share some of the food they’re eating and won’t try to hurt it.
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答案     Buffering is a trick used by some weaker animals to communicate with the stronger ones and therefore gain access to resources. Usually, when approaching the dominant animals in a group, a weaker animal would carry with it a cub. It’s effective because animals tend to be less aggressive when an infant is present. This technique has been observed in a species of Japanese monkeys. When a weaker male monkey wants to access the food being eaten by the lead animals, it’ll borrow a baby monkey from the group and bring the young with it as it approaches the dominant males. Instead of getting annoyed and aggressive, these stronger males will allow the monkey with the "buffer" to get closer. Sometimes, the weak one may even get a share of the food from them.
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