Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

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问题 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C2】

选项 A、before
B、unless
C、until
D、because

答案 D

解析本题要求判断空格处应填入什么连词。首先，从结构上看，本题的空格在一个由that引导的宾语从句中：Theories suggest that…。该从句含有两个完整的分句：chil—dren engage in criminal behavior和they were not sufficiently penalized。考生关键要判断出这两个在空格前后的分句之间是什么逻辑关系。其次，根据文意，强调个人因素的理论把犯罪归结于个人原因，按照其观点，儿童以前的不良行为没有及时地受到惩处就是儿童犯罪的原因之一，两者之间是因果关系。选项中只有连词because表因果，因此是正确答案。

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