首页
登录
职称英语
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and th
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and th
游客
2025-01-23
15
管理
问题
Ask most people to list what makes them like someone on first meeting and they’ll tell you personality, intelligence, sense of humor. But they’re probably deceiving themselves. The characteristic that impresses people the most, when meeting anyone from a job applicant to a blind date, is appearance. And unfair and unenlightened as it may seem, attractive people are frequently preferred over their less attractive peers.
Research begun in the early 1970s has shown that not only do good looks influence such things as choice of friends, lovers, and mates, but that they can also affect school grades, selection for jobs, and even the outcome of a trial. Psychologist Ellen Berscheid of the University of Minnesota and psychologist Elaine Walster, then at the University of Wisconsin, were among the first researchers to deal with the topic of attractiveness. Their seminal 1974 paper on the subject showed that the more attractive a person, the more desirable characteristics others will attribute to him or her. Attractive people are viewed as being happier, more sensitive, more interesting, warmer, more poised, more sociable, and as having better character than their less attractive counterparts. Psychologist Karen Dion of the University of Toronto has dubbed this stereotypical view as: "What is beautiful is good".
Our current work at old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, with colleagues and students, focuses on the role that appearance plays in judgments made about people. Our studies have been done in a variety of settings: basic research laboratories, beauty and cosmetics industry labs, plastic and reconstructive surgery practices, psychiatric hospitals, and psychotherapeutic consulting rooms.
One topic that has led to many avenues of research is how attractiveness influences sex-typing—the tendency of people to attribute certain stereotypical qualities to each sex. Besides being perceived as sensitive, kind, interesting, and generally happy, attractive people tend to fit easily into sexual stereotypes, according to a study done by Barry Gillen, a social psychologist in our department.
Gillen speculated that attractive people possess two types of "goodness", one related to and the other unrelated to their sex. To test this hypothesis he showed a group of students photographs of both men and women of high, moderate, and low attractiveness, as determined by the previous rankings of students according to a seven-point scale (contrary to popular belief, researchers usually don’t use the Bo Derek scale of 10). The judges were asked to rate the subjects according to the masculinity, femininity, and social desirability scales of the Bern Sex Role Inventory. Gillen’s study found that attractive women were perceived as being more feminine, and that attractive men were viewed as being more masculine than their less attractive counterparts. This suggests a second stereotype: "What is beautiful is sex-typed."
One implication of Gillen’s work that we wanted to test was whether good looks are a disadvantage for some people, especially women, in work situations that conflict with sexual stereotypes. By the late 1970s, there was already a sizable body of literature documenting the problems women face because of sex-role stereotypes. We speculated that attractive women might be at a real disadvantage when they aspire to occupations in which stereotypically masculine traits—such as being strong, independent, and decisive—are thought to be required for success.
To test that possibility we did a study with Gillen and Steve Burns, a student in our department, in which professional personnel consultants were hired to rate a "job applicant’s" suitability for six positions. We matched the positions for the skill required, the prestige offered, and the degree of supervisory independence allowed. Two jobs were stereotypically masculine (automobile salesperson, and wholesale hardware shipping and receiving clerk), two feminine (telephone operator and office receptionist) and two were sex-neutral (motel desk clerk and photographic darkroom assistant).
Each of the seventy-two personnel consultants who participated received a resume package for an individual that contained the typical kinds of information that a job applicant might submit: academic standing, a list of hobbies and interests, specific skills and recommendations from teachers and counselors. All of the resumes were identical with the exception of the name ("John" vs. "Janet" Williams) and the inclusion of a photograph of the applicant. Photographs showed either an extremely attractive applicant or an unattractive one, previously judged on an attractiveness scale. [br] Karen Dion is one of those researchers who deem that ______.
选项
A、the most beautiful thing in the world is one’s attractive appearance
B、all beautiful things are good things
C、attractive appearance is traditionally devalued
D、it’s an old-fashioned view to value attractive appearance
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3925642.html
相关试题推荐
ThestaplefoodofZimbabweismaize.Peopleeatitasamilledcerealboiledin
人民法院有权要求当事人提供或者补充证据。人民法院有权向有关行政机关以及其他组织、公民调取证据。Apeople’scourtshallhavethea
Morepeopletravelbetweenthosecitiesbyrailthanbycarandairplanecombine
该城各行各业的人捐了一大笔钱帮助去年冬天家乡遭雪灾的外来工人。Thepeoplefromallwalksoflifeinthatcityha
Inthemiddleofthe19thcentury,thepeopleoftheUSAwerestillpredominantl
我们在平等互利的基础上同各国进行贸易。Wetradewithpeopleinallcountriesonthebasisofequalit
AWesternintelligenceagencyestimatesbetween20to30peoplehavediedinthe
Meetingthesegoalsrequiresbipartisaneffort.要达到这些目标就要求双方面的努力。
13亿多中国人与7亿多欧洲人命运相连、前途相关。The1.3billionChinesepeopleandthe700millionEurop
对事物越了解,人们往往越谨慎。(bewaryof…)Thepeoplewhoareclosesttoathingareoftenthe
随机试题
HowtoPracticeEsperanto?Thereareatleast1,000,000
设x2为f(x)的一个原函数,则f(x)=_____
某学生寝室,共住2名女生,甲女活泼好动,每周有3~4天与同学一起打乒乓球。乙女整
以下关于转诊的理解不正确的是A.医疗机构可根据病人的病情决定是否需要转诊,病人可
共用题干 张小姐于2014年为自己购买了一份终身生死两全险,与保险公司签订的合
有关女性避孕药的避孕机制错误的是A.改变子宫内膜结构,使之不利于受精卵着床 B
如果回归模型中随机误差项之间存在序列相关,则普通最小二乘估计量不是无偏估计量,也
(2021年真题)下列关于山地丘陵城市布局的表述,错误的是()。A.市中心一般
大型水利工程在()前,应按照有关规定进行竣工技术鉴定。A.阶段验收 B.竣工
患者男性,50岁。急性心肌梗死1个月,今晨再发胸痛,持续8小时不缓解,遂来急诊。
最新回复
(
0
)