首页
登录
职称英语
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most
游客
2025-01-23
7
管理
问题
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is believing, as the saying goes. In numerous cases, when witnesses pointed to the defendant, his or her fate was sealed. But how reliable is eyewitness testimony? Recent cases have suggested that despite our best intentions, we may unwittingly distort what we perceive.
Artists and psychologists have long known that "seeing" is not a simple matter of recording visual input. People perceive the exterior world through a complex matrix of cultural expectations, personality traits, moods and life experiences. For example, researchers tested the cultural influence on perception by showing a set of optical illusions to various groups, and found that different groups responded in divergent ways. Accustomed to and inundated by perpendicular structures, Western Europeans succumbed easily to illusions based on rectangular lines. On the other hand, the Zulu people of South Africa, whose environment had been comprised almost entirely of circular forms (round houses, doors, etc.) did not fall prey to those linear illusions.
Cultural expectations also influence the selectivity of our seeing. The amount of visual information that exists far exceeds our ability to process it, so we must filter that sensory input into recognizable images. In looking at a face, we do not see elongated ovals set in complex shadows and shading, we see eyes. And that filtering process is informed by what we perceive to be significant, which is influenced by cultural norms. Some cultures may emphasize differences in hair color or texture, others the shape of a nose or mouth, others the set of the eyes.
But it is not only group expectations that color what we see, personality and mood fluctuation can also alter our perceptions. Orderly minds who shun ambiguity will see an off- center image as firmly fixed in the center. The same photograph of four young men allows for shifting interpretations based on our current feeling: a mood of happiness reveals boys enjoying a relaxing day, while anxiety changes the picture to students worrying about exams.
In addition, numerous more prosaic factors affect our ability to record an image accurately. Duration of the encounter, proximity to the subject, lighting, and angle all affect our ability to see, and even stress may further undermine the accuracy of our perceptions.
What will this mean for criminal trials? Juries have often been reluctant to convict without eyewitness identification. Blood samples, fingerprints, and the like do not resonate as deeply with juries as does direct testimony, and frequently require understanding of complex scientific technicalities. But as confidence in eyewitness testimony wanes, such circumstantial evidence may someday replace visual identification as the lynchpin of criminal trials. [br] We have to filter sensory input into recognizable images because ______ .
选项
A、it’s impossible for us to process all the existing visual information
B、what we perceive has to be significant
C、we have to look at a face in complex shadows
D、different cultures emphasize different perceptions
答案
A
解析
细节题型见第三段第二句:世上存在的视觉信息的数量远远超出了我们所能够处理的,因此我们必须要将感官输入过滤成可认知(辨认)的图像;因此A为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3925548.html
相关试题推荐
EspeciallyintheWesternworld,ithaslongbeenwidelyassumedthataculture
InthecontemporaryWesternworld,rapidlychangingstylescatertoadesirefor
Fortunately,myattorneyhelpedmeobtaincompensationformyinjuries,which__
Inourschool,EnglishandmatharecompulsorywhileWesternliteratureandthe
Moreover,judgeshavethediscretiontoprecludetheuseofjuriesincasesthey
Moreover,judgeshavethediscretiontoprecludetheuseofjuriesincasesthey
WhenarchaeologistssearchedtheremotenorthwesterncoastofAlaska,theydidn
AWesternintelligenceagencyestimatesbetween20to30peoplehavediedinthe
Freudiantheoryindeedtookwestern20th-centurycivilizationbystorm.How
Freudiantheoryindeedtookwestern20th-centurycivilizationbystorm.How
随机试题
Whyisthenightflightmoreharmful?A、Becauseitisnotsaferthandaytimeflig
Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeac
设备监理实施细则的主要内容中不包括()。A.各个专业工程的特点和设备专业监理
进程PA不断地向管道写数据,进程PB从管道中读数据并加工处理,如下图所示。如果采
某公司只生产和销售一种产品,销售价格为75元/件,全年产销量为400万件,固定成
某省的生物中考满分为100分,某同学得了55分,最终成绩单上给出的成绩是“B”。
关于尿蛋白干化学法测定,正确的是( )。A.尿液pH3~9之问,测定最合适
正确贮存的情况下,硫酸庆大霉素注射剂的外观性状为A:淡红色的澄明液体 B:无色
“以退为进”形象说明了以下哪种问题解决的策略() A.算法B.手段一目的分析
请认真阅读下文,并按要求作答。 问题(一):如指导中年段小学生学习
最新回复
(
0
)