首页
登录
职称英语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classica
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classica
游客
2025-01-15
10
管理
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood’s of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. [br] The passage suggests which of the following about the "writers on management" mentioned in paragraph 2?
选项
A、They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.
B、They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.
C、They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
D、They have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3914129.html
相关试题推荐
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassica
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassica
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
随机试题
[originaltext]Nowlet’stalkaboutonestruggleformanyolderpeople—lungcanc
A
试述急性胰腺炎声像图特征。
男性,40岁,刨伤后脾破裂大出血,继而尿量减少如果检查结果为尿沉渣阴性,血尿素3
癫痫发作后出现Tbdd瘫痪提示A.癫痫发作期尚未结束 B.瘫痪恢复不完全 C
金银花的来源是A.忍冬科植物忍冬的干燥花蕾或带初开的花 B.木兰科望春花的花蕾
革兰氏染色是一种复染色法,使用的两种染料的种类与顺序应当是()。A、蕃红、结晶
下面属于相关商品间的套利的是()。A.买汽油期货和燃料油期货合约,同时卖原
患者男性,41岁,近半年反复夜间咳嗽而惊醒,日间偶嗳气,呼吸科相关检查未见明显异
根据现行《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》(建标[2013]44号),全费用综合单价的
最新回复
(
0
)