首页
登录
职称英语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classica
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classica
游客
2025-01-15
8
管理
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood’s of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution. [br] The passage suggests which of the following about the "writers on management" mentioned in paragraph 2?
选项
A、They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.
B、They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.
C、They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
D、They have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3914129.html
相关试题推荐
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassica
Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassica
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
Tothemajorityofus,musicisanindispensablepartofourdailylife.Itc
随机试题
物品遗失启事说明:以王波的名义写一则物品遗失启事。内容:1.昨日(12月13日)遗失一本笔记本,蓝色封面,内有钢笔一支;2.可
It’sjust8o’clock.Hecan’t______(sleep)atthistimeoftheday.besleeping
[originaltext]Today,I’mgoingtotalkaboutthehealthproblemsrelatedto
各种建筑构件空气声隔声性能的单值评价量是()A.平均隔声量 B.计权隔声量
女性,50岁,因肺癌行右上肺叶切除术。术后24h内最常见的并发症是A.支气管-胸
月龄为3个月的小儿用药剂量为成人的A.1/18~1/14B.1/14~1/7C.
关于超长效胰岛素的叙述不正确的是A.皮下注射起效时间较中效胰岛素慢 B.一般可
典型心绞痛的发作性胸痛持续时间一般为A.1~3分钟 B.3~5分钟 C.5~
A. B. C. D.
水泥混凝土路面的混凝土板的切缝深度不够,压缝距离过大,最有可能造成的病害是(
最新回复
(
0
)