首页
登录
职称英语
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for gran
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for gran
游客
2025-01-13
29
管理
问题
The interrelationship of science, technology, and industry is taken for granted today—summed up, not altogether accurately, as "research and development". Yet historically this widespread faith in the economic virtues of science is a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back in the United States about 150 years, and in the Western world as a whole not over 300 years at most. Even in this current era of large scale, intensive research and development, the interrelationships involved in this process are frequently misunderstood. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution, science and technology evolved for the most part independently of each other. Then as industrialization became increasingly complicated, the craft techniques of preindustrial society gradually gave way to a technology based on the systematic application of scientific knowledge and scientific methods. This changeover started slowly and progressed unevenly. Until late in the nineteenth century, only a few industries could use scientific techniques or cared about using them. The list expanded noticeably after 1870, but even then much of what passed for the application of science was "engineering science" rather than basic science.
Nevertheless, by the middle of the nineteenth century, the rapid expansion of scientific knowledge and of public awareness—if not understanding—of it had created a belief that the advance of science would in some unspecified manner automatically generate economic benefits. The widespread and usually uncritical acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the assumption that the application of science to industrial purposes was a linear process, starting with fundamental science, then proceeding to applied science or technology, and through them to industrial use. This is probably the most common pattern, but it is not invariable. New areas of science have been opened up and fundamental discoveries made as a result of attempts to solve a specific technical or economic problem. Conversely, scientists who mainly do basic research also serve as consultants on projects that apply research in practical ways.
In sum, the science-technology-industry relationship may flow in several different ways, and the particular channel it will follow depends on the individual situation. It may at times even be multidirectional. [br] What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?
选项
A、To show how technology influenced basic science.
B、To describe the scientific base of nineteenth-century American industries
C、To correct misunderstandings about the connections between science, technology and industry.
D、To argue that basic science has no practical application.
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3910668.html
相关试题推荐
Appleishardlyaloneinthehigh-techindustrywhenitcomestoduffgadget
Appleishardlyaloneinthehigh-techindustrywhenitcomestoduffgadget
Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgran
Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgran
Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgran
Theinterrelationshipofscience,technology,andindustryistakenforgran
ResearchersatMITaredevelopingnewtechnologyforconvertingheatintoli
ResearchersatMITaredevelopingnewtechnologyforconvertingheatintoli
JohnGurdon’sschoolreportonhisabilitiesinscienceleftlittledoubt."
JohnGurdon’sschoolreportonhisabilitiesinscienceleftlittledoubt."
随机试题
Somepeoplethinkthestudentsshouldtakethesubjectswhicharedecidedby
TheToriesweretheforerunnersof______,whichstillbearsthisnicknametoday.
A—trackandfieldB—cheerleaderC—No.1seedD—chiefref
Whenitcomestoshopping,thestoreshereintheUnitedStatesareoftenov
信号检测论与传统的阈限测量有何不同?
2岁2个月男孩,2个月前患麻疹,疹后间断咳嗽,发热,精神差,偶有气促,近1周来呕
A.虚热证B.虚寒证C.真热假寒证D.真寒假热证E.阴阳两虚证阴盛格阳引起的病理
在行政强制领域,合法性原则体现为行政强制的设定和实施应当依照法定的权限、范围、条
妊娠早期初始,受精后半个月以内,患者用药不当的影响是A.女性生殖系统发育迟缓
根据《民法典》,向人民法院请求保护民事权利的诉讼时效期间为()。A.1年
最新回复
(
0
)