首页
登录
职称英语
Since about 1950, public transportation in the U. S. has had to struggle to s
Since about 1950, public transportation in the U. S. has had to struggle to s
游客
2025-01-10
9
管理
问题
Since about 1950, public transportation in the U. S. has had to struggle to survive. The growth of private automobile ownership, the change in cities with accelerated urban sprawl, and the immense highway construction program have added to transit problems. Moreover, changes in Life-style have contributed to reduced transit use, which has resulted in lower revenues from fares at a time when costs for operations have increased greatly.
As private transit systems were taken over by local government and the cost of operations continued to increase, pressure was exerted for federal participation in urban public transportation. The 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Act established this commitment. The legislation limited federal assistance to 80 percent of the capital expenditure for buses, rall cars, and fixed facilities. In 1974 the federal government added operating assistance to its program. Because passen- ger fares account for only about one-third of the average system’s operating funds, demand for federal subsidies escalated rapidly. In the early 1980s a change in federal transportation policy resulted in relaxation of the rigid standards governing the way federal aid is used, imposing requirements for private sector participation and increased state, regional, and local funding. By the end of the 1980s state and local operating assistance amounted to about 2 percent of the funds needed to operate U. S. transit systems; fare box and other revenues accounted for 43 percent, and federal assistance, 5 percent.
Private sector initiatives in public transportation include transit services provided by private operators under com- petitively bid contracts, and innovative public-private projects such as a joint development of transit stations.
It is estimated that 8 million people in the U. S. (5 percent of the urban population) have physical handicaps that prevent them from using conventional transportation services. With the aging of the population, more than one-fifth of the people living in the U. S. will be over 65 in the year 2030. Many of the people in these groups are dependent on public transportation. In 1990 Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act, which will virtually require all transit services to be accessible to the disabled.
In the short run, existing transit modes will be improved. Cities with such systems will extend their lines, while others will plan and construct new ones, including rapid transit, buses, and light rail transit. The lower-cost alternatives will have a better chance of adoption. There is also a strong interest in commuter rail. Part of the appeal of this mode of transporta- tion is that many cities have unused and undernsed rail corridors that can provide rights-of-way at low cost.
Because of major environmental concerns, electric trolley buses and methanol-powered and other alternative fuel- powered buses will replace diesel engine buses.
An enormous range of new technology exists in the area of intelligent vehicle systems. For example, a commuter will be able to get real-time information on home computers as to when the next bus will arrive at the nearest bus stop. Information for trip planning will be available as well. Transit agencies will use advanced technologies for traffic and fleet management of their vehicles. Vehicle control systems that will guide buses along prescribed corridors and routes are being researched to reduce vehicle delay, increase capacity, and improve safety.
Automation through new technology can provide a means for reducing labor while providing performance and satety. A number of automated guideway transit systems operate in airports, shopping centers, college campuses, and amusement phrks. Their applicability to a more diverse use is continually evaluated. Research is under way on magnetically levitated and air-supported vehicles. Directional control, spacing, switching, and lateral control are among the many problems needing more development before such systems can be widely accepted. Other developments include the moving walkway, designed mainly for short distance, which will accelerate a pedestrian from three to five times walking speed.
Unique structural systems have been designed to support advanced transit concepts. Suspended monorails are ex- amples of lower-cost systems under development. [br] The first two paragraphs want to tell us_____.
选项
A、the public transportation problems since the World War Ⅱ.
B、private transit systems were replaced by local government.
C、why in the 1964 Urban Mass Transportation Act established.
D、how to solve the public transportation revenue.
答案
A
解析
头两段讲了由于私人汽车的发展,公共交通面临巨大问题。故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3906151.html
相关试题推荐
Publicisinghisimminentnewseriesabouttheevolutionofanimals,SirDavi
【B1】[br]【B7】在to与public之间加the表示“对公众开放”中的public前需要使用the,又如:Thegardensareopen
【B1】[br]【B8】publicly→public此句换作主动语态则为madehistechniquespublicly,副词用来修饰动词、形容词
EtonCollegeisafamous______.A、publicschoolB、universityC、primaryschoolD、
Sinceabout1950,publictransportationintheU.S.hashadtostruggletos
Sinceabout1950,publictransportationintheU.S.hashadtostruggletos
Sinceabout1950,publictransportationintheU.S.hashadtostruggletos
ModesofTransportation Thereareavarietyofmeansfortran
ModesofTransportation Thereareavarietyofmeansfortran
ModesofTransportation Thereareavarietyofmeansfortran
随机试题
Themostsignificantfeatureisthatoilproductionwillincreasesharplyin
ArecentcaseinAustraliashowshoweasilyfearcanfrustrateaninformant’
A.输卵管卵巢囊肿 B.非赘生性卵巢囊肿 C.卵巢上皮癌 D.结核性包裹积
股权投资基金在运作过程中,可能产生的费用包括()A.管理费、托管费、第三方服务
依据《中华人民共和国药品管理法》规定,合法的药品经营企业必须持有A.《药品经营合
智能变电站中的电子式互感器的二次转换器、合并单元、光纤连接、智能终端、过程层网络
A.物块从c运动到b所用时间大于从b运动到c的时间 B.物块上滑过程的加速度与
从我国的情况看,大型农业基础设施建设主要应由()投资。A.政府财政 B.商业
会计电算化档案包括机内会计数据、软盘等备份的会计数据,不包括打印输出的会计凭证、
维生素D缺乏性佝偻病最早出现的骨骼改变是( )。A.肋骨串珠 B.“O”形腿
最新回复
(
0
)