首页
登录
职称英语
Ethnography is the study of a particular human society or the process of mak
Ethnography is the study of a particular human society or the process of mak
游客
2025-01-08
18
管理
问题
Ethnography is the study of a particular human society or the process of making such a study. Contemporary ethnography is based almost entirely on fieldwork and requires the complete immersion of the anthropologist in the culture and every- day life of the people who are the subject of his study. Ethnography, by virtue of its intersubjective nature, is necessarily comparative. Given that the anthropologist in the field necessarily retains certain cultural biases, his observations and descriptions must, to a certain degree, be comparative. Thus the formulating of generalizations about culture and the drawing of comparisons inevitably become components of ethnography.
Modern anthropologists usually identify the establishment of ethnography as a professional field with the pioneering work of the Polish-born British anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski in the Trobriand Islands of Melanesia. Ethnographic fieldwork had since become a sort of rite of passage into the profession of cultural anthropology. Many ethnographers reside in the field for a year or more, learning the local language or dialect and, to the greatest extent possible, participating in everyday life while at the same time maintaining an observer’s objective detachment.
This method, called participant-observation, while necessary and useful for gaining a thorough understanding of a foreign culture, is in practice quite difficult. Just as the anthropologist brings to the situation certain inherent, if unconscious, cultural biases, so also is he influenced by the subject of his study. While there are cases of ethnographers who felt alienated or even repelled by the culture they entered, many -- perhaps most -- have come to identify closely with "their people", a factor that affects their objectivity. In addition to the technique of participant-observation, the contemporary ethnographer usually selects and cultivates close relationship with individuals, known as informants, who can provide specific in- formation on ritual, kinship, or other significant aspects of cultural life. In this process also the anthropologist risks the danger of biased viewpoints, as those who most willingly act as informants frequently are individuals who are marginal to the group and who may provide other than objective explanations of cultural and social phenomena. A final hazard inherent in ethnographic fieldwork is the ever-present possibility of cultural change produced by or resulting from the ethnographer’s presence in the group.
Contemporary ethnographies usually adhere to a community, rather than individual, focus and concentrate on the description of current circumstances rather than historical events. Traditionally, commonalities among members of the group have been emphasized, though recent ethnography has begun to reflect an interest in the importance of variation within cultural systems. Ethnographic studies are no longer restricted to small primitive societies but may also focus on such social u- nits as urban ghettos. The tools of the ethnographer have changed radically since Malinowski’s time. While detailed notes are still a mainstay of fieldwork, ethnographers have taken full advantage of technological developments such as motion pictures and tape recorders to augment their written accounts. [br] The ethnographer shows great interest in all of the following EXCEPT ______.
选项
A、current conditions that exist with a culture
B、individual behavior as shaped by a custom
C、behavior patterns common among members of a culture
D、differences existing within a culture
答案
B
解析
该题问:人种学家对下列中哪一项不感兴趣?最后——段第一句提到,当代人类学家一般坚持研究社会,而不是个体;重点描述(这个社会的)目前状况(可证明A符合文章内容),而不是历史事件。第二句讲传统的文化人类学重点研究这个社会的普遍行为(可证明C符合文章内容),而目前已开始注意到文化体系中的变异行为的重要性(可证明D符合文章内容)。故选B,B项意为“习谷所塑造的个体行为”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3903837.html
相关试题推荐
Thecomingoftherailwaysinthe1830stransformedsocietyandeconomiclife
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuni
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuni
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuni
InrecentyearsAmericansocietyhasbecomeincreasinglydependentonitsuni
Ethnographyisthestudyofaparticularhumansocietyortheprocessofmak
Ethnographyisthestudyofaparticularhumansocietyortheprocessofmak
[originaltext]Onceagain,USnetworktelevisionfindsitselfturningsociety
[originaltext]Onceagain,USnetworktelevisionfindsitselfturningsociety
Inacompetitiveandfast-pacedmodernsociety,busybusinessexecutivesare
随机试题
ThelatterchoicecanwellhelpPresidentObama’sre-electionasithelpedthat
[originaltext]I’mMr.Britain,theheadlibrarian,andtodayI’dliketoin
TheAustralianstateofVictoriaisinvestinginaprogramtoidentifynewo
被害人承诺,是指权利人同意或者要求损害其某种合法权益的行为。该行为表明权利人自愿
地面与空中、地面与地下立体交叉使用土地的(楼房除外),土地使用权确定给( )。
胆固醇合成的原料是A:氨基酸 B:乙酰CoA C:丙酮酸 D:甘油 E:
一横波沿绳子传播时的波动方程为y=0.05cos(4πx-10πt)(SI
湿式自动喷水灭火系统的温度适用范围为()℃。A.4-70 B.0-68 C
当药物进入体循环以后,能迅速向体内各组织器官分布,并很快在血液与各组织脏器之间达
骨软骨瘤的临床表现为A.局部肿胀、浅表静脉怒张 B.多发于手的管状骨 C.夜
最新回复
(
0
)