首页
登录
职称英语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
游客
2025-01-08
12
管理
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission. Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot. Extremely refined behavior, how- ever, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today. In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the dally life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. [br] Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of which country?
选项
A、Egypt
B、18th century France.
C、Renaissance Italy.
D、England.
答案
C
解析
细节题。文章第二段提到In renaissance Italy too,in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries,a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners,因此C为正确选择。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3903257.html
相关试题推荐
_____istheyearFrancelostitsruleoverQuebec,A、1736B、1763C、1733D、1766B
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
ThecitizensofFranceareonceagaintakingapastingontheop-edpages.Th
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
ThecitizensofFranceareonceagaintakingapastingontheopedpages.The
随机试题
NewYorkissearchingfornewwaystofightpersistentpoverty.Toencourage
A.浙江 B.江苏 C.安徽 D.湖南
信息存储数字化和存储相对集中有利于()。A、项目参与各方协同工作 B、项目
Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthe
2015年,全国规模以上纺织企业工业增加值同比增长6.3%,高于规模以上工业整体
下列情形中,构成诬告陷害罪的是( )。A.王某为排挤竞争对手,便捏造同事曹某包
将不同期限的债券市场看作完全独立和分割开来的市场的解释利率的期限结构的理论是(
企业在生产过程中,要有效控制物料损失,防止人员或设备的意外事故,这体现了企业生产
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
男,76岁,突发肉眼血尿1天,尿潴留3小时。急诊B超显示,双肾大小形态正常,无肾
最新回复
(
0
)