首页
登录
职称英语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity a
游客
2025-01-07
11
管理
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new Way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements: basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance.
In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission.
Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot.
Extremely refined behavior, however, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provinces had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.
In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the dally life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. [br] According to the writer which of the following is put of chivalry? A knight should ________.
选项
A、inspire his lady to perform valiant deeds
B、perform deeds which would inspire romantic songs
C、express his love for his lady from a distance
D、regard his lady as strong and independent
答案
C
解析
此题为细节题。第六段第三行到第五行是对谦恭有礼的描写,一个骑土对他所喜欢的女孩表达爱意,尽管他可能从来也不能接近她。这就是一种罗曼蒂克式的爱。因此C项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3902564.html
相关试题推荐
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
ThecitizensofFranceareonceagaintakingapastingontheop-edpages.Th
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperitya
ThecitizensofFranceareonceagaintakingapastingontheopedpages.The
ThecitizensofFranceareonceagaintakingapastingontheopedpages.The
随机试题
[originaltext]W:IknowyourcompanywasoneofthebiggestAmericancorporatio
Thefollowingisapartsofanindex(索引).Afterreadingit,youarerequiredto
电梯井道内不得有下列哪类开口?()A.层门开口、检修入孔 B.观察窗、扬声
下列凝血因子的合成与维生素K无关的是A.凝血因子Ⅹ B.凝血因子Ⅷ C.凝血
某检测中心对隧道用防水卷材进行检验,请回答下列问题:(2)下列属于防水卷材理化性
非公有制经济包括()。A.劳动者个体经济 B.私营经济 C.全民所有制经济
张某来自一个农村家庭有一个姐姐。家中父母对子女约束较严,但在求学问题上对子女无过
上述哪个方剂主治肺胃阴虚,气火上逆之虚劳肺痿A.炙甘草汤B.麦冬汤C.养阴清肺汤
海尔总裁张瑞敏说:“把简单的事情做好就是不简单,把平凡的事情做好就是不平凡。”你
医生刘某看药品经营能挣钱,便与院领导拉关系,请假离岗搞药品销售近三年。 医院
最新回复
(
0
)