首页
登录
职称英语
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon.
Dream Functions Dreaming is a common phenomenon.
游客
2025-01-07
20
管理
问题
Dream Functions
Dreaming is a common phenomenon. Practically all people dream,
although whether they can【1】______ them is a different matter. 【1】______
An experiment eliciting people’s responses to the question ’What
did you dream about last night?’ shows the【2】______ of the activity. It is 【2】______
found that everyone in normal health spends part of their night
dreaming and there are many different【3】______ of dream performing 【3】______
different functions.
The first function of dreams is that of the experience-【4】______, i.e. 【4】______
the mind reviews past experience and learns the lesson of that
experience. Often the dream represents a more, or less,【5】______ course 【5】______
of action or outcome than the real event.
The second function of dreams is the【6】______ type. They help to 【6】______
solve problems by suggesting answers, or【7】______ difficulties and 【7】______
indicating a way round them.
The third function is that of wish【8】______. In our dreams we 【8】______
satisfy desires whose gratification is denied to us.
Dreams also function to【9】______ us to some external reality, 【9】______
usually by some sensory stimulus.
The final, and the most【10】______ one, is the predictive function. 【10】______
Throughout the ages men have believed that future events will be
predicted in dreams.
We are not clear whether these are all the functions that dreams
may have. [br] 【10】
Dream Functions
Do you often dream? What do you usually see in your dreams? Can you always remember your dreams next morning? From the variety of responses which we could hear to the question ’What did you dream about last night?’ we begin to get an idea of the range of the activity. Research has shown that everyone in normal health spends part of the night dreaming. Remembering the dreams is, of course, a different matter. And just as there are many different types of dream, so, we may suppose, do dreams have a variety of functions? Let us examine just five of many here.
The first is that of the experience-monitoring dream. In this, the mind reviews past experience the previous day’s or some event in the more distant past—as a way of learning the lesson of that experience. Often the dream has a consequence different from what actually happened, representing a more, or less, desirable course of action or outcome than the real event. After an unsuccessful interview for a job, I dreamed that I was in the same room, before the same people, but speaking this time calmly and persuasively. The conclusion to be drawn from the experience was underlined by the dream, that I should not become nervous and flustered in that particular situation.
If that dream had occurred before my interview, it would have been of the creative type. One important function of the dream is to help to solve problems by suggesting answers, or predicting difficulties and indicating a way round them. Another creative type of dream is one in which the imagination operates in an unusually powerful and productive manner. Large parts of ’Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’ came to the author Robert Louis Stevenson in dreams.
The dream function to which Freud and his followers attached greatest importance was that of wish fulfillment. According to the great Viennese psychiatrist, in our dreams we satisfy desires which our circumstances, personal inhibitions, or the rules of the society in which we live, deny us the gratification, or even the conscious knowledge. It is my opinion that wish-fulfillment operates at several levels, of which the simplest require neither a complex nor symbolic explanation.
The fourth dream function is that which alerts us to some external reality, usually by some sensory stimulus; the dream of being at or in a fire from which we awake to find a cigarette smoldering in a bedside ashtray. In this way the senses send messages to the ’sleeping’ mind, warning us of the need to awake in order to take some form of action.
Finally, the most controversial, the predictive function. Whether or not we believe in the possibility of events being predicted in dreams, the fact is that throughout the ages men have done so. Perhaps the most famous example, celebrated in Christianity and Islam alike, not to mention Judaism, is that of Joseph’s interpretation of the dream of the Pharaoh of Egypt. When the ruler dreamed of seven fat cattle being eaten by seven thin, Joseph predicted that there would be seven years of plenty in the land, followed by seven years of famine, and that is what came to pass.
What other dream functions can you think of? Whatever your answer, it is true that dreams are part of our life.
选项
答案
controversial
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3902152.html
相关试题推荐
AustralianTherearetwocommonsetimagesofth
AustralianTherearetwocommonsetimagesofth
AustralianTherearetwocommonsetimagesofth
AustralianTherearetwocommonsetimagesofth
AustralianTherearetwocommonsetimagesofth
Britain’sSystemofEducationTheBritishCommonwealthincl
Britain’sSystemofEducationTheBritishCommonwealthincl
Britain’sSystemofEducationTheBritishCommonwealthincl
Britain’sSystemofEducationTheBritishCommonwealthincl
Britain’sSystemofEducationTheBritishCommonwealthincl
随机试题
Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfea
LisaFryandPaulaTurnergrewupacrossthestreetfromeachotherinTwin
信息系统工程监理活动的主要内容被概括为“四控、三管、一协调”,以下选项不属于“四
患者,男,53岁。前胸区局部红肿热痛感染表现,无波动。体温37.4℃,红肿区中央
我国股权投资基金的描述,不正确的是()A.只能非公开募集 B.基金管理人无须
2020年11月,经统计可知,北京轨道交通路网运营线路达23条,总里程699.3
(2014年真题)根据《物权法》,不经登记也发生物权效力的行为有()房屋。
证人甲目睹了原、被告打架经过,其与双方当事人均无利害关系,根据他所做的证言分清
一般资料:某女,35岁,大专文化,汉族,某中学教师,已婚,经济状况良好。 求助
一位慢性疼痛患者欲进行心理咨询时,咨询师应建议其() A.探索心理社会因素
最新回复
(
0
)