首页
登录
职称英语
In the 13th and 14th centuries new inventions were made, such as the compass,
In the 13th and 14th centuries new inventions were made, such as the compass,
游客
2025-01-04
10
管理
问题
In the 13th and 14th centuries new inventions were made, such as the compass, paper, spectacles, gunpowder, and, in the 15th century, the printing press. Some of them were first invented in China and then spread to Europe. By far the most far-reaching was the invention of printing.
In the Middle Ages, books were written and copied by hand. Copying was done mainly by monks and professional copyists. It was an arduous task to copy a whole book by hand. As a result, books were scarce and expensive. Many hand-written books (or manuscripts)were beautifully illuminated with pictures and other decorations hand-drawn and hand-colored. The primary purpose of illumination was not to clarify a text but to beautify it and call attention to the skill that had been lavished on its creation. Books were usually accumulated by monasteries, bishops, princes, and some well-to-do merchants. Since few people could read during the Middle Ages, there was small demand for books.
However, by the 13th century the thrust of intellectual life had passed to the universities. More people could read and more books were privately owned. As the Middle Ages progressed, kings and rich men became patrons to the artists, who produced richly illustrated books. By the 15th century, still more people could read, creating a bigger demand for books.
The desire for learning gave rise to a thirst for books that the copyists alone could not satisfy. A less laborious method of book production had to be found. In about 1450, Johann Gutenberg, a German, revolutionized printing by inventing the movable type. He produced the first printed book in the West — the Gutenberg Bible, and by the end of the 15th century there were 97 editions of the Bible in Europe. The invention of printing was one of the greatest achievements of men. It brought books and knowledge within reach of many and ushered the West from the dark Middle Ages into the Renaissance. [br] In the Middle Ages, the copying work of books was mainly done by______.
选项
A、monks
B、intellectuals
C、artists
D、merchants
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3898808.html
相关试题推荐
Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,us
Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,us
Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,us
Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,us
Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,us
BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.,theByzantineEmpirestagedan
BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.,theByzantineEmpirestagedan
TheIndustrialRevolutionstartedin______around1733andasnewinventionswer
Radio,telegraph,television,andotherinventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewsp
Theinventionsofthepoet,theartistandthewriteroftenbringfamewithoutw
随机试题
______referstothereformmovementsintheUnitedStatesaimedatabolishingr
Thethreeworld’srichestindustrialcountriesare______.[br][originaltext]
A
目前混凝土强度与回弹值R一般通过以下几种方程确定他们之间关系()。A.直线方程
某混凝土试块强度值不满足规范要求,但经法定检测单位对混凝土实体强度经过法定检测后
慢性脓胸胸廓成形术病人术后应重点观察A.体温 B.呼吸 C.心率 D.血压
如今的厂商都为寻我新的商机而挖空心思,不想却在身后留下了一批“盲点”产业。有关专
在一起民事侵权案件中,当事人提起上诉时()。A.只能向第二审人民法院提出
下列关于ETF(交易所上市基金)的表述,不正确的是()。A.ETF与开放式
有关子宫腺肌病下述表达正确的是A、多数合并子宫内膜异位症 B、多发生在初产妇
最新回复
(
0
)