首页
登录
职称英语
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted
游客
2025-01-04
14
管理
问题
Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts accumulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful "axioms". This is what he meant by "induction".
Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon’s conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries---such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Newton about the "force" of gravity--could never have been made if Bacon’s rules had prevailed.
Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon’s own acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious’’ of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain.
What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant appearances. [br] Data collection should be performed by illiterate assistants,______.
选项
A、according to Bacon, as it led to speculation
B、according to Bacon, to prevent theories from being formulated on insufficient data
C、was a notion Bacon strongly opposed
D、was a notion rejected on the grounds that it led to premature speculations
答案
B
解析
根据第三段全段,尤其是根据第一句话“Determined to avoid all premature speculations,Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another”,就可以肯定[B]是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3898116.html
相关试题推荐
Thescienceofwildlifemanagementisactuallyquitenew.Itisthethirdmaj
Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsisted
Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsisted
Earlyinthesixteenthcentury,FrancisBaconproposedthatscienceconsisted
HenryJamesisgenerallyregardedastheforerunnerofthe20thcentury______no
Duringthefirsthalfoftheseventeenthcentury,whenthenationsofEurope
Duringthefirsthalfoftheseventeenthcentury,whenthenationsofEurope
Duringthefirsthalfoftheseventeenthcentury,whenthenationsofEurope
______isproposedbyChomsky.A、langueB、functionalgrammarC、theuniversalgram
Inthelate16thcentury,______ruledEngland.A、HenryⅤB、ElizabethⅠC、QueenM
随机试题
WilliamGilbertandMagnetismA16thand17thcenturiessaw
IhaveavividrecollectionofasummereveningwhenIhadtocarryoutaru
Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedeveloped
关于建筑防热设计中的太阳辐射“等效温度”,下列哪个结论是正确的?()A.与墙
下列不属于沟通渠道的是()。A.文字 B.语言 C.比划 D.混
下列关于调剂工作的基本职责与程序正确的是A.审核处方→准确调配→正确书写药袋或标
房地产经纪服务合同违约责任的承担可以采用定金或者违约金的方式,纠纷解决方式可以采
根据下列资料回答问题。 2010年底,全国高速公路里程为7.41万公里,居世
2009年10月,李丽接受飞天电影公司的委托,将自己的同名小说《蝴蝶飞》改编成电
女,45岁。腹泻10年。精神紧张时加剧,排便前腹痛,排便后腹痛可缓解。大便为糊状
最新回复
(
0
)