首页
登录
职称英语
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (
游客
2025-01-04
9
管理
问题
Ernest Hemingway underwent 20 gruelling rounds of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to cure him of his depression. Having lost many of his memories as a result, he said, "It was a brilliant cure but we lost the patient," and took a shotgun to his head not long afterwards. Ever since ECT was pioneered by Ugo Cerletti, an Italian neurosurgeon, in the late 1930s, it bas had a bad press. In books (The Bell Jar, Zen and the Art of MIotorcycle Maintenance), in song (Electric Co by U2) and in film (One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest and Tar-nation), it has been portrayed as a sinister procedure that leaves the patient a dribbling dullard. But in spite of this, ECT remains one of the fastest-acting and most effective antidepressant treatments known.
Why it should be so effective, though, is an enigma. On the face of it, running a current of almost an amp through someone’s brain seems a silly thing to do. But a study by Johan Hellsten of Lund University in Sweden bas cast some light on the question. Dr. Hellsten has shown that ECT leads to the gene ration of new blood vessels [n part of the brain implicated in depression.
Previous brain imaging studies have shown that patients with long-term depression have a smaller hippocampus (part of the brain that deals with emotion and memory) than average. But, while it is possible to use scanners to look at brain volume in people, it is impossible to examine what is going on at a cellular level. For this reason, Dr. Hellsten used rats.
There were two groups of rats in his experiment. The test group received ECT once a day. for ten days while the control group received a sham treatment. On the eleventh day! the rats were killed and examined. Dr. Hellsten found a 20 fold increase in the number of endothelial cells (the cells that line blood vessels) in the hippocampuses of the test rats, compared with the control rats. He also found a 16% increase in the total length of the blood vessels in their hippocampuses. If the blood vessels of any organ--including the hippocampus are reduced, that organ begins to atrophy. ECT appears to reverse this atrophy. This study is the first to show an increase in blood-vessel production in connection with an anti-depressive treatment.
Why ECT has this effect is still a subject of speculation, but Dr. Hellsten suspects that what is happening is a consequence of the brain trying to protect itself. ECT works by creating an artificial epileptic seizure. Natural seizures, which often last much longer than the 30 seconds or so employed for ECT. result in the production of chemicals called growth factors that stimulate cell division and growth. This response helps to compensate for the damage that a seizure can do. Though modern ECT does not last long enough to cause damage, it nevertheless provokes the damage-limitation response.
ECT, invented in a more brutal age, was originally seen as a way to control unruly patients, often against their will. Ironically, it now serves to give will back to those who have lost it. [br] The word "gruelling" in the first paragraph probably means ______.
选项
A、intermittent.
B、incessant.
C、toilsome.
D、numerous.
答案
C
解析
语义理解题。首句指出;海明威接受了20次电休克疗法来治疗抑郁症。第二句引用海明威的话对该疗法进行了评价:It was a brilliant cure but we lost the patient,结果他开枪自杀了。因此可以推断该治疗过程是很痛苦的、折磨人的,[C]“累人的”符合文意,故为答案。[A]“断续的”;[B]“不停的”;[D]“无数的”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3897706.html
相关试题推荐
ErnestHemingwayisoneofthemostfamousAmericannovelists,short-storywrite
Inthe1960spopmusicunderwentarevolutionwhen______becameworldfamousand
Alongpainfulstrugglewithcancerandchemotherapyhadcausedbaldnessfor
ErnestHemingwayunderwent20gruellingroundsofelectroconvulsivetherapy(
ErnestHemingwayunderwent20gruellingroundsofelectroconvulsivetherapy(
ErnestHemingwayunderwent20gruellingroundsofelectroconvulsivetherapy(
ErnestHemingwayunderwent20gruellingroundsofelectroconvulsivetherapy(
______wastheauthorofTheGreatGatsby.A、ErnestHemingwayB、F.ScottFitzgera
Whoisconsideredasthelastofthe"AngryYoungMen"?A、ErnestHemingway.B、Jam
TheGreatCatsbyiswrittenby______.A、ErnestHemingwayB、SinclairLewisC、Joh
随机试题
[originaltext]Anelderlywomanyesterdaymadealegalclaimagainstadepar
环境温度低于4℃,或高于70℃的危险性不高的场所,通常釆用()系统。A.预作用
血液病患者牙龈出血正确的护理措施是()A.牙龈存有陈旧血块用1%过氧化氢液体漱口
设当a,b为何值时,存在矩阵C使得AC-CA=B,并求所有矩阵C。
房地产经纪机构如能提供( )服务,则可有效降低当事人一方毁约现象发生的概率。A
我国现行宪法是1982年12月4日由第五届全国人大五次会议审议通过的宪法。截至目
根据企业所得税相关规定,下列企业属于非居民企业的是()。A.依法在中国境内成立
银行承兑汇票的承兑银行,应当按照票面金额向出票人收取()的手续费。A:千分之一
某大楼主体结构分部工程质量验收合格,则下列说法错误的是()A、该分部工程所含分项
某工程夜间施工产生的噪声严重影响相邻小区居民的休息,小区居民与该工程施工企业谈判
最新回复
(
0
)