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  3. Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning

Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning

游客2024-12-24  0
问题     Unlike an earthquake, a demographic disaster does not strike without warning. Japan’s population of 127m is predicted to fall to 90m by 2050. As recently as 1990, working-age Japanese outnumbered children and the elderly by seven to three. By 2050 the ratio will be one to one. As Japan grows old and feeble, where will its companies find dynamic, energetic workers?
    For a company president pondering this question over a laboriously prepared breakfast of steamed rice, broiled salmon, miso soup and artistically presented pickles, the answer is literally staring him in the face. Half the talent in Japan is female. Outside the kitchen, those talents are woefully underemployed, as Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Laura Sherbin of the Centre for Work-Life Policy, an American think-tank, show in a new study called "Off-Ramps and On-Ramps; Japan".
    Nearly half of Japanese university graduates are female but only 67% of these women have jobs, many of which are part-time or involve serving tea. Japanese women with degrees are much more likely than Americans (74% to 31%) to quit their jobs voluntarily. Whereas most Western women who take time off do so to look after children, Japanese women are more likely to say that the strongest push came from employers who do not value them. A startling 49% of highly educated Japanese women who quit do so because they feel their careers have stalled.
    The Japanese workplace is not quite as sexist as it used to be. Pictures of naked women, ubiquitous on salarymen’s desks in the 1990s, have been removed. Most companies have rules against sexual discrimination. But educated women are often shunted into dead-end jobs. Old-fashioned bosses see their role as prettifying the office and forming a pool of potential marriage partners for male employees. And a traditional white-collar working day makes it hard to pick up the kids from school.
    Even if the company rule book says that flexitime is allowed, those who work from home are seen as uncommitted to the team. Employees are expected to show their faces before 9 am, typically after a long commute on a train so packed that the gropers cannot tell whom they are groping. Staff are also under pressure to stay late, regardless of whether they have work to do: nearly 80% of Japanese men get home after 7 pm, and many attend semi-compulsory drinking binges in hostess bars until the small hours. Base salaries are lows salarymen are expected to fill their pay packets by putting in heroic amounts of overtime.
    Besides finding these hours just a bit inconvenient, working mothers are unlikely to get much help at home from their husbands. Japanese working mums do four hours of child care and housework each day—eight times as much as their spouses. Thanks to restrictive immigration laws, they cannot hire cheap help. A Japanese working mother cannot sponsor a foreign nanny for a visa, though it is not hard for a nightclub owner to get "entertainer" visas for young Filipinas in short skirts. That says something about Japanese lawmakers’ priorities. And it helps explain why Japanese women struggle to climb the career ladder: only 10% of Japanese managers are female, compared with 46% in America.
    Japanese firms are careful to recycle paper but careless about wasting female talent. Some 66% of highly educated Japanese women who quit their jobs say they would not have done so if their employers had allowed flexible working arrangements. The vast majority (77%) of women who take time off work want to return. But only 43% find a job, compared with 73% in America. Of those who do go back to work, 44% are paid less than they were before they took time off, and 40% have to accept less responsibility or a less prestigious title. Goldman Sachs estimates that if Japan made better use of its educated women, it would add 8. 2m brains to the workforce and expand the economy by 15%—equivalent to about twice the size of the country’s motor industry. [br] What will the author probably discuss in the paragraphs following the passage?
选项 A、The ways of treating Japanese working women better.
B、The reasons why Japan is a land of the wasted talent.
C、The demographic catastrophe Japanese firms face.
D、The solution to Japanese social problems.
答案 A
解析 推断题。解答本题需要正确理解全文框架。开篇提出日本人口老龄化、经济疲软，日本的公司要去哪里寻找精力充沛的员工这一问题。第二段作者给出答案“the answer is literally staring him in the face．Half the talent in Japan is female”，同时提出问题“Outside the kitchen，those talents are woefully underemployed”。接着就日本女性未能充分就业的状况进行具体分析和说明。末段最后一句通过高盛公司的预测表明观点，指出若日本充分利用其受过教育的女性员工，就能为职场增加820万个人才，也能令经济多增长15％。按照文章提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的篇章模式，可以推断，接下来作者最可能就如何增加职场女性提出解决方案，[A]最符合本文的脉络发展，故为答案。
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