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W: From a childhood spent exploring the woods near his home, to a career spent protecting habitats in the far corners of the earth, Carter Roberts—president and CEO of the non-profit World Wildlife Fund—has developed a connection to the natural world. His job is as diverse as the ecosystems he visits. One day he may be negotiating with the president of a corporation, and the next he is sitting on a dirt floor talking with villagers about the importance of saving tigers. Carter, what is the most interesting environmental project you have ever worked on?
M: To me, it’s unlocking the complexity and impact of supply chain throughout the world. (1) So we’re seeing in the Anazon, the eastern edge of the Amazon is getting cut down to plant soybeans to ship to China, to feed cows and chickens, to meet the new needs of the growing middle class in China. So if you want to save the Amazon, you’ve got to go all the way to China, and you’ve got to find a better way to produce soy with less impacts, less land, less water, less inputs.
W: I can understand that, for the world now is closely-connected. And like what you said, the fast growing economy of China can even affect the Amazon on the other part of the planet. What forces do you consider, from an environmental perspective, to be the most threatening to businesses, and why?
M: (2) Climate change has been showed over and over and over again to have a huge impact on businesses in terms of flooding, storms, change in weather patterns, instability, and insecurity. All those things are going to affect businesses in terms of the availability of the things they need to produce their products.
W: You touched on this a little bit already. Can you explain the concept of connecting the dots, and how market forces affect The World Wildlife Fund’s conservation efforts?
M: When you buy a cup of coffee, you think you’re just buying a liter of water and a few coffee beans and a little bit of milk. But when you look at what it takes to produce every single one of those ingredients, it’s staggering. The amount of water it takes to produce sugar in a cup of coffee is astonishing. The amount of water it takes, and land it takes, and energy it takes, to produce every single part, from the lid, to the cup, to the coffee, to the milk, to the sugar, it ends up being well over 140 liters of water to produce a liter of coffee.
W: Wow, that’s really amazing. It seems that we should encourage people save every product in our daily life. To save things is to protect the earth. And what are some examples of how the World Wildlife Fund is partnering with businesses to reach its goals?
M: We do many number of things. We are working with companies like Coca-Cola and Wall Mart, who are making breathtaking commitments to reduce the amount of energy and water and local impacts on the ground in the products that they sell. (3)For us, there’s great importance in working with these companies, because they’re global, they have millions and millions of customers, and they have great influence over the way things are produced all the way around the globe.
W: So it sounds like you’re saying that corporate America is genuine in its efforts towards conservation. Do you feel that?
M: Parts of corporate America are genuine. It all depends on the leadership of the company, CEO, all the way down.
W: Did you know as early as high school that you wanted to follow an environmentalist path?
M: I fell in love with nature as a little kid. As an adult, I see that we can’t live without nature. And we’d better do something to protect it before it’s too late.
W: What can high school students do to get involved and to help the environment?
M: (4) First, get out into the woods. It’s really important for people to be connected to the natural world that surrounds us. Second, talk to your parents about the decisions they make and the decisions you make. Tell stories about what you care about, and what you hope your parents and your friends will do.
W: I can’t agree with you more. Personal experience is of great importance. It can affect one in his whole life. Can you tell us a story about something that has really impacted you in this work?
M: I once visited a place in the Himalayas. It is a place where tigers once lived in great numbers, and now there are just a few left. The government of Nepal gave subsidies to the local people to protect tigers. And as a result, tiger populations are increasing, which in turn attract tourists around the world. (5) And the local people realize their ability to make a difference in not only restoring these beautiful animals on the planet, but also, doing something that ultimately brings money back to them and to their children.