首页
登录
职称英语
Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of a "language hotspot"? [br]
Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of a "language hotspot"? [br]
游客
2024-12-22
14
管理
问题
Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of a "language hotspot"? [br]
M: By some estimates, half of the world’s 7,000 languages will disappear in the next century. K. Linda Harrison, a linguist at Swarthmore College, has made a career documenting some of them and advocating for keeping them alive. Welcome to our talk, Ms. Harrison. So, what is a "language hotspot", and what are the characteristics of the typical hotspot?
W: "Language hotspot" is a term I coined in 2006, inspired by the biodiversity hotspots model. Languages are unevenly distributed around the globe, both geographically and demographically, and they face uneven threats. The hotspots model helps us to visualize and track this global trend, and to prioritize resources. (1) A language hotspot is a contiguous region which has, first of all, a very high level of language diversity. Secondly, it has high levels of language endangerment. Thirdly, it has relatively low levels of scientific documentation, like recordings, dictionaries, grammars, etc. We’ve identified two dozen hotspots to date, in places such as Oklahoma, Paraguay, India, Papua New Guinea and Siberia. With a scientific team from National Geographic, we are visiting the hotspots to take the pulse of some of the world’s most endangered languages. The hotspots model allows us to visualize the complex global distribution of language diversity, to focus research on areas of greatest urgency, and also to predict where we might encounter languages not yet known to science. This was recently borne out by our documentation of Koro, a small language in India that is new to science.
M: (2) What do we lose when we lose a language?
W: The human knowledge base is eroding as we lose languages, worsened by the fact that most of them have never been written down or recorded. In "When Languages Die", I wrote "When we lose a language, we lose centuries of human thinking about time, seasons, sea creatures, reindeer, edible flowers, mathematics, landscapes, myths, music, the unknown and the everyday" Only some cultures erect grandly built monuments by which we can remember their achievements. But all cultures encode their genius in their languages, stories, and lexicons. Each language is a unique expression of human creativity. We find millennia of careful observation of the natural world and human behavior, knowledge of flora and fauna, often not yet known or identified by scientists, and some of the secrets of how to live sustainably in challenging environments like the Arctic. (3) We would be outraged if Notre Dame Cathedral or the Great Pyramid of Giza were demolished to make way for modern buildings. We should be similarly appalled when languages — monuments to human genius far more ancient and complex than anything we have built with our hands — erode.
M: Talking about language and local ecology, you say losing one entails losing the other. If most things are translatable, is it possible to keep the knowledge but not the language?
W: It’s possible, but not likely, and it’s not the usual case we see everywhere from the Arctic to Amazonia. (4) In native cultures we observe the decline of languages and life ways occurring in parallel. There’s an astonishing book called Watching Ice and Weather Our Way. In it, the Yupik elders describe, define and draw sketches of 99 distinct types of sea ice formations which their language gives specific names to. Their climate science amazes us with its precision, predictive power, and depth of observation. Modern climate scientists have much to learn from it. As the Arctic ice melts, and new technologies like snowmobiles advance, Yupik ice-watching becomes the passion of the elderly few. Their knowledge of ice, their words for it, and the hunting skills and life ways are all receding together with the Yupik language itself.
M: Many of the peoples you describe are, from our point of view, desperately poor. "Development" tends to fold them into the bigger, and richer society, but kills their languages. How can the tradeoff be resolved?
W: No one, no matter how poor, becomes richer by abandoning one language to learn another, and in fact I suggest they become poorer from it. People of all ages, especially children, can easily be bilingual. New research shows that bilingualism strengthens the brain, by building up what psychologists call the cognitive reserve. In addition, heritage-language retention provides access to the cultural knowledge base and support a stronger ethnic identity and cultural pride. It is a pernicious and false message of globalization that language choice is subtractive, that is, you must abandon your heritage language to speak only a dominant tongue. Around the globe, we see minority speech communities, from Aymara to Zapotec, Aka to Mowhawk, pushing back against this ideology. (5) They are making a strategic decision to keep their languages, while becoming bilingual in a global tongue. We can all contribute to making the world safe for linguistic diversity. It requires a shift in attitudes. If we can learn to value the intellectual diversity that is fostered by linguistic variety, we can all help to ensure its survival. No one knows where the next brilliant idea will emerge; no culture has a monopoly on human genius.
M: All right. It’s so nice talking with you. Thanks a lot for sharing with us your insights into the human language.
W: My pleasure indeed.
选项
A、They should abandon their language to become richer.
B、They should keep their languages, while becoming bilingual in a global tongue.
C、They should only ask children to become bilingual.
D、They should stick to their own languages by denying globalization.
答案
B
解析
推断题。这位语言学家的观点非常明确,对于少数语言群体来说,保持自身的独特性很重要,但是融入全球也很重要,她建议学会双语,既保持自身又融入国际。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3879410.html
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingwritersisapoetofthe20thcentury?A、T.S.Eliot.B、D.
Allofthefollowingarewell-knownfemalewritersin20thcenturyBritainEXCEP
BernardShaw’smajorplaysincludethefollowingEXCEPTA、ManandSuperman.B、Maj
WhichofthefollowingnovelswaswrittenbyEmilyBronte?A、OliverTwist.B、Midd
______isNOTthecharacteristicofconversationalimplicature.A、CalculabilityB、
Ofthefollowingworks,______isnotwrittenbyJaneAusten.A、EmmaB、Senseand
JohnBunyan’sworksincludethefollowingEXCEPTA、ThePilgrim’sProgress.B、Grac
WhichofthefollowingisNOTJohnDryden’swork?A、AllforLove.B、AbsalomandA
______isconcernedwiththestudyoftheactualuseoflanguageincommunication
WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaplacewherethesuicidebombersblewthemselves
随机试题
Teamworkplaysanimportantpartinourdailylifeandwork,butsometimesp
MoviesarethemostpopularformofentertainmentformillionsofAmericans.
Ourschoollibraryis______closedforrepairs.A、shortlyB、quicklyC、temporarily
下列对于风险的认识错误的是()A.商业投资和赌博是投机风险的实例 B.商业
患者,男,64岁。平时气喘短促、活动加重,懒言声微,常出虚汗,兼见失眠、健忘,脉
经济学中,为补偿旧资本消耗而进行的投资称为( )。A:基本建设投资 B:重置
下列选项中,不属于还本付息通知单应载明内容的是()。A.贷款项目名称或其他标志
(2013年真题)根据企业国有资产法律制度的规定,下列各项中,履行金融企业国有资
关于斜井施工的通风方式,说法正确的是()。A.单斜井通常采用压入式通风 B.
下列行为中,构成无因管理的有()。 A.甲接受委托帮助他人保养施工机
最新回复
(
0
)