首页
登录
职称英语
Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden Age structure refers to
Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden Age structure refers to
游客
2024-12-22
0
管理
问题
Age Structures in Mexico and Sweden
Age structure refers to the percentage of the population in different age
【1】______Mexico’s age structure is quite different from Sweden’s in 【1】______
that the former is like a【2】______with a wider base. In Sweden, the age 【2】______
structure is shaped like a rectangle, which results from a(n)【3】______ 【3】______
birth rate and low death rate in early and middle age. In Mexico, the
population is expanding rapidly. In Sweden, the population is stable in size
with a(n)【4】______distribution. 【4】______
The Effects of Different Age Structures:
--Age structures affects population growth:
a) A country with a larger percentage of people at the bottom of the
pyramid will have a【5】______population growth rate. 【5】______
b) a larger proportion of women of【6】______age results in a faster 【6】______
population growth.
--Age structure affects【7】______: 【7】______
1) a larger percentage of people of【8】______age means more wealth 【8】______
and higher standard of living.
2) a larger proportion of children is responsible for more expenditure
on【9】______to achieve the same standards. 【9】______
3) the【10】______rate is likely to be higher for jobs will have to be 【10】______
found for a larger number of graduates. [br] 【5】
I want to talk today about the way in which a country’s population is structured into age groups. And in particular, I shall discuss two aspects of age structure--first, different age structures in different countries, and second, the effects of different age structures.
But first, what do I mean by this term "age structure"? Perhaps these graphs will help. They show the age structures of two countries--Mexico and Sweden. The left-hand side of each graph represents males, and the right-hand side represents females. The horizontal axis indicates the percentage of the population in different age groups. And the vertical axis indicates age. As you can see, Mexico’s age structure is very different from Sweden’s. Mexico’s is shaped like a pyramid, with a very wide base. In Mexico, large families are common; children’s death rates are also very much lower than they used to be, and so the result is a rapidly expanding population.
In Sweden, on the other hand, the age groups are much more evenly distributed. Sweden’s age structure shows a society that has been industrialized for a long time. A constant birth rate and a low death rate in early and middle age result in this almost rectangular shape that tapers off at the top as people die of old age. In other words, Sweden’s population is stable in size.
So much for age structures themselves. Now, what about the effects of different age structures? Well, we know that women have children when they are between the ages of about 15 and 45. And it is generally true that the larger the proportion of women of child-bearing age, the faster the population growth. Let’s consider two imaginary countries--Sunnary and Rainland. Both countries have 100,000 people. But as you can see from the age structures, in Sunnary there are 45,000 people between 15 and 45 in other words, about 22,500 women of child-bearing age. But in Rainland, there are 55,000 people between 15 and 45 about 27,500 women of child-bearing age. Suppose, in one year, one in every 10 women has a child, and one in every 10 people over 60 dies. We then have this situation., births in Sunnary are 2,250, compared with 2,750 in Rainland. Deaths in Sunnary are 1000 compared with 500 in Rainland. As a result, the population of Sunuary increases by 1,250. But Rainland’s population increases by 2,250. This situation will not go on forever, of course, because eventually there will by the same proportion of old people in both countries. But by that time, Rainland’s population will be much, much larger. The point I am making, then, is that age structure affects population growth: a country with a larger proportion of people at the bottom of the pyramid will have a higher population growth rate.
Age structure also has very important economic effects. I’ll mention just three effects as examples. In Mexico, the population between the ages of 15 and 64 makes up 54% of the total population. These 54% are the people able to work and se produce the country’s wealth and standard of living. But in Sweden this 15-64 age group comprises 67%. Yes, 67% of the population. So in Sweden, a larger proportion of the population are of working age.
A second economic effect of age structures is on education. We can see from the graph that Mexico has roughly double the proportion of children aged 5-14 that Sweden has. It’s clear that a country like Mexico, then, with a larger proportion of children, will have to spend a larger proportion of its national income on education--schools, teachers, books, etc.--to achieve the same educational standards.
And a third economic effect is that jobs will have to be found for these children when they leave school. This is more difficult for a country with a large proportion of children, se there is likely to be a higher unemployment rate.
I hope these examples, then, have illustrated what is meant by the term "age structure", and have shown some of the effects of different age structures.
选项
答案
higher
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3878929.html
相关试题推荐
______isthestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesbywhichw
______referstolongnarrativepoemswhichdealwithheroicdeedsandnoblechar
Asubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguageiscal
______functionreferstoexpressionsthathelpdefineandmaintaininterpersonal
Phaticcommunicationrefersto______.A、language’sfunctionoftheexpressionof
BodySystemsAbodysystemreferstoagroupoforgans,w
BodySystemsAbodysystemreferstoagroupoforgans,w
BodySystemsAbodysystemreferstoagroupoforgans,w
BodySystemsAbodysystemreferstoagroupoforgans,w
BodySystemsAbodysystemreferstoagroupoforgans,w
随机试题
WashingtonUniversityinSaintLouis,Missouri,isamedium-sizeduniversity
Thisisthedictionary______IdependalotwheneverIhaveproblemswithnewwor
[originaltext]Ascientificteamisstudyingthethinkingabilityofeleven-
以下不属于施工项目管理内容的是()。A.施工项目的生产要素管理 B.组织协调
Thechangeinthatvillagewasmiraculou
下列不属于休克二期微循环变化的是A.血管运动现象消失B.真毛细血管网大量开放C.
人在每一瞬间,将心理活动选择了某些对象而忽略了另一些对象。这一特点指的是注意的(
对盘盈的固定资产进行计量,常用的会计计量属性是( )。A.历史成本 B.重置成
按照《安全生产许可证条例》(国务院令第397号),由煤矿安全监察机构颁发的证件是
(2017年真题)根据《全国总体功能区规划》,不属于按开发内容划分的主体功能区是
最新回复
(
0
)