首页
登录
职称英语
Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald have just published a study which concludes that N
Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald have just published a study which concludes that N
游客
2024-11-27
28
管理
问题
Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald have just published a study which concludes that Nobel science laureates live significantly longer than those of their colleagues who were nominated for a prize, but failed to receive one. They work with data from 1901 to 1950, and the search is restricted to men (to avoid differences in life span between the sexes), and those killed prematurely are eliminated. That gave them 135 prize winners and 389 also-rans.
The theory they were testing was that status itself, rather than the trappings of status, such as wealth, act to prolong life. This idea was first declared by Sir Michael Marmot, of University College, London. Sir Michael studied the health of British civil servants and discovered, contrary to his and everyone else’s expectations, that those at the top of the hierarchy — whom the stress of the job was expected to have affected adversely — were actually far healthier than the supposedly unstressed functionaries at the bottom of the heap. Subsequent research has confirmed this result, and suggested it is nothing to do with the larger salaries of those at the top. But Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald thought it would be interesting to refine the observation still further, by studying individuals who were all, in a sense, at the top. By comparing people good enough to be considered for a Nobel, they could measure what the status of having one was worth.
Comparing winners and also-rans from within the same countries, to avoid yet another source of bias, Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald found that the winners lived, on average, two years longer than those who had merely been nominated. Exactly what causes this increased longevity is unclear. It is not the cash, though. The inflation adjusted value of the prize has fluctuated over the years, so the two researchers were able to see if the purchasing power of the money was correlated with longevity. It was not.
With the hierarchically ordered individuals studied by Sir Michael and his successors, both medical records and experiments on animals suggest stress hormones are involved. It is, indeed, more stressful to be at the bottom than the top, even if being at the top involves making decisions on the fate of nations. The result Dr. Rablen and Dr. Oswald have come up with, though, suggests a positive effect associated with high status, rather than the absence of a negative effect, since unsuccessful nominees never know that they have been nominated.
A similar effect has been noted once before, in a different field. Research published a few years ago by Donald Redelmeier and Sheldon Singh showed that Oscar winning actors and actresses live 3.6 years longer than those who are nominated, but do not win. However, in that case the failed nominees do know that they have failed. And, curiously, Oscar winning scriptwriters live 3.6 years less than do nominees. Perhaps writers, unlike actors and scientists, live in a world of inverted snobbery. [br] We can conclude from the passage that
选项
A、health is better than wealth.
B、great hopes make great man.
C、prizes affect people’s life expectancy.
D、success in career brings health benefit.
答案
D
解析
推理判断题。本文主要围绕两位博士有关“诺贝尔奖得主比其他仅获得提名者更长寿”展开。分析了获奖者长寿的原因。在排除了压力和财富因素后,第四段末指出长寿的原因在于地位高带来的积极作用。从文中多个研究的对象(诺贝尔科学奖获得者、高级公务员、奥斯卡奖获得者)可知,这里的“地位高”指“事业的成功”。因此, [D]的归纳符合原文,为本题答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3862408.html
相关试题推荐
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass
Dr.RablenandDr.OswaldhavejustpublishedastudywhichconcludesthatN
Dr.RablenandDr.OswaldhavejustpublishedastudywhichconcludesthatN
Dr.RablenandDr.OswaldhavejustpublishedastudywhichconcludesthatN
Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedi
HowtoGetaPaperPublishedI.Prerequisitedoingmass
随机试题
WhendidBenfirstbecomeinterestedinMongolia?[br][originaltext]Benbe
某企业第1年初向银行借款500万元,年利率为7%,银行规定每季度计息一次。若企业
露天采矿场边坡应留有安全平台和清扫平台,其中安全平台宽度不应小于()m。A.2
这种分类方法,便于应用物理化学的原理来阐明各类制剂特征()A:按给药途径分类
A.混合型子宫内膜 B.增殖期 C.呈蜕膜样改变 D.分泌期分泌功能不足
下列有关中学化学教科书内容编排的表述正确的是()。A.原子、分子等重要概念在
关于膨胀土路堑开挖施工的说法错误的是()。A、挖方边坡不要一次挖到设计线 B
关于拱式结构说法正确的是()。 A.拱是一种较早为人类开发的结构体系,广泛
某500kV变电站的建设规模如55题所述。变电站为有人值班,设有主控制室、500
地面上点的高程在地形图上用等高线表示。等高线即地面上高程相等的地点所连成的平滑曲
最新回复
(
0
)