首页
登录
职称英语
Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interes
Subfields of Linguistics The overlapping interes
游客
2024-11-26
21
管理
问题
Subfields of Linguistics
The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several cross-disciplinary fields of linguistics.
I. Sociolinguistics
Focusing on patterns and【B1】______in language within a society or【B1】______
community
Examining the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve【B2】______【B2】______
II. Psycholinguistics
Studying language processing and its interaction with【B3】______mental【B3】______
processes, for instance, studies of children’s language acquisition and SLA
III. Computational Linguistics
Using computers in analyzing languages, stylistic studies and【B4】______,【B4】______
bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that【B5】______and【B5】______
produce speech and text
IV. Applied Linguistics
Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA【B6】______,【B6】______
especially focusing on motivation,【B7】______, learning style and personality【B7】______
V.【B8】______Linguistics【B8】______
Examining the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time
VI. Philosophical Linguistics
Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern to analyze the【B9】______of possible word order combinations【B9】______
VII. Neurolinguistics
Studying how language is【B10】______and represented in the brain【B10】______ [br] 【B8】
Subfields of Linguistics
Good morning, we’ll continue our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguistics: descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, today’s focus is on the subfields of linguistics.
As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Many subfields of linguistics have expanded our understanding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguistics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics.
Let’s start with sociolinguistics.(1)Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it looks at how they make choices about the form of language they use.(2)It also examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression such as " fourth floor" can indicate the person’s social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy may not.
Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on what happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competence—what people need to know to use the appropriate language for a given social setting.
Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and(3)linguistics to study how people process language and bow language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of children’s language acquisition and of second-language acquisition are psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry.
Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguistic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities.(4)Computers also aid in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances.(5)Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired.
The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics.(6)Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the errors people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence.(7)In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality affect how well a person learns another language.
(8)The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture. Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13th and early 14th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property were changed.
Coming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share.(9)Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possible word order combinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the world’s languages use a subject-verb-object(SVO)order as English does("She pushed the table. "). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb(SOV)order or verb-subject-object(VSO)order.
Finally, let’s refer to the neurolinguistics.(10)Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represented in the brain. Neurolinguists seek to identify the parts of the brain involved with the production and understanding of language and to determine where the components of language(phonemes, morphemes, and structure or syntax)are stored. In doing so, they make use of techniques for analyzing the structure of the brain and the effects of brain damage on language.
With that, we come to the end of today’s lecture. Hopefully you have all got a clear idea of these subfields of linguistics, including their different focuses and functions. Next time we’ll specifically target at applied linguistics and find out how this branch benefits SLA learners. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
Anthropological
解析
本题设题点在分论点处。根据句(8)可知,演讲者讨论的语言学的第五个分支是人类语言学,故答案为Anthropological。注意此处首字母要大写。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3860945.html
相关试题推荐
______isasubfieldoflinguisticswhichstudiesthewayscontextcontributest
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginteres
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginteres
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginteres
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginteres
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginteres
Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.Stewart
Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.Stewart
Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.Stewart
Insociolinguistics,thewholeofaperson’slanguageisreferredtoasA、idiolec
随机试题
Whatdoesherbriefcaselooklike?[img]2014m7x/ct_eilm_eillist_0001_20136[/img]
DearManager,Iamwritingtoyoutocomplainabouttheserviceinyourhote
联产品是指在同一生产过程中,使用同种原料,在生产主产品的同时附带生产出来的非主要
国家电网有限公司强化党建引领,充分发挥党的(),把国有企业党建优势转化为创新
2019年5月,全国12358价格监管平台受理价格举报、投诉、咨询共计37576
叶片眷恋地_______,栖息在行人的身上,或是顺着头发身体_______,无所
萨缪尔森的经济增长轮子包括()。A.技术 B.福利 C.人力资源 D.制度
道德具有法治所不可替代的作用,是因为()。A.道德力量一经产生,就决定了经济关系
关于黄金的表述,正确的有()。A.一般而言,在通货膨胀时,黄金投资具有保值的作用
期货公司开展期货投资咨询业务应( )了解客户身份、财务状况等。A.事前 B.
最新回复
(
0
)