The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of Nor

游客2024-11-17 34

问题 The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English
colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660—some
forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we
think that slavery existed in the fact before it did in law, Oscar and【S1】______
Mary Handlin assure us that the status of Black people down to the
1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins’ interpretation
for why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that【S2】______
assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice
could be reexamined, and that explanations for the different【S3】______
treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be
expanded.
The Handlins explains the appearance of legal slavery by【S4】______
arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of White servants was
improving relative to that Black servants. Thus, the Handlins【S5】______
contend, Black and White servants, heretofore treated alike, each
attained a different status. There are, however, important objections
for this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately【S6】______
demonstrate that the White servant’s position was improving during
and after the 1660s; some act of the Maryland and Virginia【S7】______
legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlins’
interpretation is his assumption that prior to the establishment of【S8】______
legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is
true before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves. But【S9】______
this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on the points to
racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such
discrimination sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or
inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet in other
cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument includes the real【S10】______
possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never
treated as the equals of White people. [br] 【S10】

选项

答案 includes—excludes

解析语义错误。通篇来看，Handlin夫妇的论点中隐含的意思是：最初黑人和白人都是佣人，地位是同等的，只是后来白人佣人的地位上升，才使得黑人佣人的地位相对下降，变成奴隶，所以他们的观点排除黑人和白人从来都没有被平等对待的可能性，所以应将includes改为excludes。

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