首页
登录
职称英语
(1)About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities
(1)About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities
游客
2024-11-13
46
管理
问题
(1)About two-thirds of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by the year 2020 and, according to the United Nations, approximately 3. 7 billion people will inhabit urban areas some ten years later. As cities grow, so do the number of buildings that characterize them: office towers, factories, shopping malls and high-rise apartment buildings. These structures depend on artificial ventilation systems to keep clean and cool air flowing to the people inside. We know these systems by the term"air-conditioning".
(2)Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the circulation of air inside a closed environment—such as an office building—can spread disease or expose occupants to harmful chemicals.
(3)One of the more widely publicised dangers is that of Legionnaire’s disease, which was first recognised in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the system’s cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases due to poor design. This warm air was, needless to say, the perfect environment for the rapid growth of disease-carrying bacteria originating from outside the building, where it existed in harmless quantities. The warm, bacteria-laden air was combined with cooled, conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust ducts. Cases of Legionnaire’s disease are becoming fewer with newer system designs and modifications to older systems, but many older buildings, particularly in developing countries, require constant monitoring.
(4)The ways in which air-conditioners work to "clean "the air can inadvertently cause health problems, too. One such way is with the use of an electrostatic precipitator, which removes dust and smoke particles from the air. What precipitators also do, however, is to emit large quantities of positive air ions into the ventilation system. A growing number of studies show that overexposure to positive air ions can result in headaches, fatigue and feelings of irritation.
(5)Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In older systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria and fungi which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed antibodies to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. Chemical disinfectants, called" biocides" , that are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds such as pentachlorophenol, which is strongly linked to abdominal cancers.
(6)Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also adversely affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or work environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37℃ , our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater susceptibility to diseases such as colds and flu. [br] The word "inadvertently" in Para.4 probably means______.
选项
A、intentionally
B、indeliberately
C、definitely
D、imminently
答案
B
解析
语义题。第三段最后两句指出,研究表明在这种楼房外面的人如果从空调排气管旁走过也会有风险。由于设计了新的通风系统,对旧系统进行了改造,军团病的病例减少了,但是许多旧楼房,特别是发展中国家的旧楼房,需要持续进行监控。第四段首句指出,空调系统清洁空气的各种方式也会inadvertently带来健康问题。从前面的论述可知,空调系统致病是因其设计不完善而产生的,不是故意所为,故[B]为答案,同时排除[A];第三段一直提到这种设计缺陷会给人们带来风险,但是不一定绝对会致病,因此排除[C];空调系统致病已经发生,不是即将发生,故排除[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3844357.html
相关试题推荐
(1)Abouttwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationisexpectedtoliveincities
(1)Abouttwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationisexpectedtoliveincities
(1)Abouttwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationisexpectedtoliveincities
TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseeksto
TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseeksto
TheHouseisexpectedtopassapieceoflegislationThursdaythatseeksto
Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothingnewintheh
(1)Abouttwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationisexpectedtoliveincities
(1)Abouttwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationisexpectedtoliveincities
(1)Abouttwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationisexpectedtoliveincities
随机试题
CanthePCIndustryResurrectItself?A)Int
鱼类的营养学特点是( )。A.含有丰富的维生素C B.钙的吸收率较畜禽肉
A.观音坐莲B.里衣子C.佛手D.红小辫E.当门子款冬花由5个花朵着生在一起的药
A.希波克拉底《希波克拉底誓言》B.孙思邈《备急千金要方》C.宋国宾《医业伦理学
A.60℃,4小时 B.60℃,2小时 C.100℃,10分钟 D.100
感染性休克常见的并发症不包括()。A.呼吸窘迫综合征 B.肺水肿 C.心功能
关于慢性子宫颈炎的临床表现,错误的是A:分泌物呈稀薄泡沫状 B:患者可有腰骶部
一般来说,影响旅游的客源地与目的地的互动因素主要包括()。A.两地间的经济距
案例二: 一般资料:求助者,女性,30岁,公务员。 案例介绍:求助者由于女儿
(2015年真题)在使用平衡计分卡进行企业业绩评价时,需要处理几个平衡。下列各项
最新回复
(
0
)