2. 职称英语
  3. There are several possible relationships between language and society. One

There are several possible relationships between language and society. One

游客2024-11-13  19
问题     There are several possible relationships between language and
society. One is that social structure may either influence or
determine linguistic structure and behavior.
    Certain evidence may support this view; age-grading phenomenon【S1】______
whereby young children speak differently from older children and,
in a turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies【S2】______
which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect
such matters like their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly【S3】______
even their sex(or gender); and other studies which show that
particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for
conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social
requirements.
    A second possible relationship is directly opposed the first:【S4】______
linguistic structure and behavior may either influence or determine
social structure.
    A third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-direc
tional; language and society may influence each other.
A fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at
all between linguistic structure and social structure and that every is【S5】______
independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to say
that, because there might be some such relationship, present attempts【S6】______
to characterize it is essentially premature, given what we know about【S7】______
both language and society. Actually, this variant view appears to be
the one which Chomsky himself holds; he prefers to develop an【S8】______
asocial linguistics as a preliminary to many other kind of linguistics,【S9】______
such an asocial approach being, in his view, logically superior.【S10】______ [br] 【S10】
选项
答案 superior—prior
解析 词义混淆。根据前文可知，Chomsky倾向于开发一种孤立语言学来作为其他任何种类的语言学的基础。superior意为“上级的，优越的”，prior意为“优先的，在前的”，根据上文中的preliminary to可知，该处应该为preliminary的近义词，故将superior改为prior。
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