首页
登录
职称英语
[originaltext]J: Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency. Some sch
[originaltext]J: Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency. Some sch
游客
2024-11-07
23
管理
问题
J: Divergence is by no means the only possible tendency. Some scholars introduced a "wave" model in which linguistic changes spread like waves, leading ultimately to convergence. That is, growing similarity among languages that were initially quite different.
I: While divergence indicates tendency of differentiating languages, convergence means similarity of languages.
J: Right. Besides that, most linguists think primarily in terms of linguistic family trees. They find it necessary to construct some explicit models of how language change might occur according to a process-based view.
I: Have they formed some models?
J: So far, there are four main classes of models. The first is the process of initial colonization, by which an uninhabited territory becomes populated; its language naturally becomes that of the colonizers. The second are processes of divergence, such as the linguistic divergence arising from separation or isolation mentioned above in relation to early models of the Indo-European languages. The third group of models is based on processes of linguistic convergence. The wave model, formulated by Johannes Schmidt in the 1870’s, is an example. But convergence methods have not generally found favors among linguists.
I: What is the fourth class?
J: The slow and rather static operation of these processes is complicated by another factor: linguistic replacement. That factor provides the basis for a fourth class of models. In many areas of the world the languages initially spoken by the indigenous people have come to be replaced, fully or partially, by languages spoken by people coming from outside.
I: Just like American Indians hardly use their original language right now. They speak English, instead.
J: Yes. Anyway, if this large complicating factor was not discovered, the world’s linguistic history would be described by the traditional view of an Ur-language, followed by the gradual, long-term workings of divergence and convergence. So linguistic replacement also has a key role in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages.
I: I quite agree. Well, Joanna, thank you for giving us so much information on the origins of Indo-European languages.
J: My pleasure.
I: Next week, we will have Professor Linda Smith from Oxford University to tell us the development of English in recent decades. I will meet you then the same time. Bye-bye.
6. What do linguistic family trees mainly indicate?
7. How many classes of models are there in the development of languages?
8. When did the wave model formulate?
9. Which factor provides the basis for the fourth class of model?
10. What does Joanna think of the linguistic replacement factor in explaining the origins of the Indo-European languages?
选项
A、2.
B、3.
C、4.
D、5.
答案
C
解析
总结题。采访者提出这样一个问题:Have they formed some models?暗示下文都是有关理论发展语言模型的。受访者回答道:So far,there are four main classes of models.因此是四种,答案为选项C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3835295.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]M:Allright,thisnextoneisanexecutivepastrychefthatist
[originaltext]M:Allright,thisnextoneisanexecutivepastrychefthatist
[originaltext]M:Allright,thisnextoneisanexecutivepastrychefthatist
[originaltext]M:Allright,thisnextoneisanexecutivepastrychefthatist
[originaltext]M:Allright,thisnextoneisanexecutivepastrychefthatist
[originaltext]M:Theconceptthatyoucanearnahighsalarywithouthavingac
[originaltext]M:Theconceptthatyoucanearnahighsalarywithouthavingac
[originaltext]W:Well,isithardertobeacomedianorascientist?M:Ithink
[originaltext]W:Welcometoourprogram.Thisweek,wewouldliketotalkabout
[originaltext]W:Welcometoourprogram.Thisweek,wewouldliketotalkabout
随机试题
DirtyJobsontheDiscoveryChannelanunlikelytelevisionprogram,hasbecomea
C
以下哪项不是燥淫证的证候表现A、小便短黄 B、干咳少痰 C、渴不欲饮 D、
葛根芩连汤的主治证是A.表邪未解,邪热入里证 B.表邪未解,湿浊内阻证 C.
小儿,4个月。腹泻2天,每天10余次稀水便,呕吐,尿少,前囟凹陷,精神萎靡,呼吸
患者,女性,58岁。今晨慢跑时突然左腰部阵发性剧痛,向下腹部放射。医院查尿常规见
建构主义理论倡导的学习与教学方式有( )。A.探究学习 B.情境学习 C.
下列哪些属于清朝的会审制度()A.九卿会审 B.秋审 C.大审 D.热审
基础心理学是研究()。 (A)正常成人心理现象的心理学基础学科 (B
编辑栏内的“=”图标是(),用来在活动单元格中创建公式。A、输入按钮 B、取消
最新回复
(
0
)