首页
登录
职称英语
(1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greec
(1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greec
游客
2024-11-05
43
管理
问题
(1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.
(2) The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting the innocent.
(3) The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.
(4) However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.
(5) The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.
(6) Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.
(7) In the meantime, Dr. Schulze’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case. [br] The second paragraph implies that testing for anabolic steroids ________.
选项
A、is always accurate and reliable
B、is proved to be inaccurate
C、may sometimes show inaccuracy
D、has helped end doping in sport
答案
C
解析
根据题目直接定位到第2段。该段最后两句表明了合成类固醇检测产生的两个结果,体现了这种检测的不准确性,故C正确。A、D两项的表述过于绝对,B项则完全否定了这种检测的作用,均不能选。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3832148.html
相关试题推荐
(1)Cheatinginsportisasoldassportitself.TheathletesofancientGreec
(1)Cheatinginsportisasoldassportitself.TheathletesofancientGreec
PASSAGEONE[br]Accordingtothepassage,whatisthestatusquoofcheatingin
Nowmanyuniversityteachersaretroubledbystudents’cheatingonexams.Nom
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainin
Cheatingmaybeaman’swayoftryingtorestorehisgenderidentitywhenh
随机试题
THESENSEOFSMELL1Smellisthemostdirectofallthesens
FortravelerstoEurope,fromJanuary2002there’ssomethingspecialonoffe
Althoughrecentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutants
不同的混凝剂(电解质)投加到水中发生混凝作用时,会出现哪些现象?()A.分子
国家法定计量单位的名称、符号由国务院公布,因特殊需要采用非法定计量单位的,xx办
证券公司经营证券承销与保荐、证券自营、证券资产管理、其他证券业务等业务之一的,其
证券公司受期货公司委托从事中间介绍业务时,不得提供的服务包括()。Ⅰ.协助办理开
在重置抽样时,样本均值的标准差为总体标准差σ2的1/n。()
骨关节炎可表现为A.晨僵 B.休息痛 C.侏儒 D.驼背
影响企业设定绩效考核周期的因素是( )。A.奖金发放周期 B.主管人员任免周
最新回复
(
0
)