首页
登录
职称英语
With the increasing demands of new medicines, animal testing is in widespread
With the increasing demands of new medicines, animal testing is in widespread
游客
2024-11-05
9
管理
问题
With the increasing demands of new medicines, animal testing is in widespread use all over the world. The morality behind this practice is still a matter of some controversy. The following are opinions from both sides. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should:
1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides;
2. give your comment.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your response on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
Proponents
A survey conducted in the American Medical Association indicates that 99% of all active physicians in the United States believe that animal research has given rise to medical advancements. In fact, about 97% of the physicians also supported the continuous use of animals for clinical and basic research.
A British organization by the name Research Defense Society (RDS) that was instituted to defend animal testing, indicates that most of the complaints made against animal testing are false and that animal testing generates invaluable information, about how new drugs would react inside a living body. The tests have to be continued in order to detect information on major health problems such as liver damage, elevated blood pressure, nerve damage, damage to the fetus, etc., that can be caused by the use of drugs.
Chris Abee, Director of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center’s animal research facility, states that "we wouldn’t have a vaccine for hepatitis B without chimpanzees," and says that the use of chimps is "our best hope" for finding a vaccine for Hepatitis C, a disease that kills 15,000 people every year in the United States.
Animal testing has also been instrumental in saving endangered species from extinction, including the black-footed ferret, the California condor and the tamarins of Brazil. Koalas, ravaged by an epidemic of sexually transmitted chlamydia and now classified as endangered in some regions of Australia, are being tested with new chlamydia vaccines that may stall the animal’s disappearance.
Opponents
Several animal rights organizations, including the People for Ethical treatment of Animals (PETA), have questioned the legitimacy of this practice wherein animals are subjected to torture in the name of "scientific research". Animal rights activists, along with animal lovers from across the world, are trying their best to get this inhumane practice outlawed.
In March 2009, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) found 338 possible violations of the Animal Welfare Act at the federally funded New Iberia Research Center (NIRC) in Louisiana.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports that 92 percent of the drugs, which are cleared after being successfully tested on animals fail when they are subjected to human trials. Paul Furlong, Professor of Clinical Neuroimaging at Aston University, states that "it’s very hard to create an animal model that even equates closely to what we’re trying to achieve in the human."
A 2013 study in Archives of Toxicology stated that "The low productivity of animal experiments in research areas allowing direct comparisons of mouse versus human data puts strong doubt on the usefulness of animal data as key technology to predict human safety".
选项
答案
Animal Testing
Nowadays, an increasing number of organizations and people are concerned about animal testing. On one hand, not only does animal testing provide benefits for human medical advances, but also it is of value for the furthering of protection of different animals species. On the other hand, adversaries claim that animals have to bear intense physical and mental suffering in the tests and the benefits of testing on animals are yet to be proved. However, personally speaking, animal testing is a far more preferable choice in medical experimentation compared with human testing.
On the positive side, there is a striking biological resemblance between animals (i.e. chimpanzees and mice) and human beings. They share the same set of organs, making it possible to apply those medicine that are proved effective in the animal tests to humans. It is an indisputable fact that as an integral part of medical research, animal testing has made an important contribution to cures and treatments of many serious diseases such as tuberculosis, cancer and leukemia. In the meantime, animals themselves could benefit from the test results. From the medical trails, scientists have gained more knowledge about the animals they test. Animal testing, therefore, plays an instrumental role in preserving endangered species.
It might be true that the medical testing sometimes poses a threat to the laboratory animals’ survival. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that with the introduction of laws on animal protection, animal research has become highly supervised and regulated in recent decades. For instance, guidelines enacted by the Animal Welfare Act have managed to stipulate the living condition of research animals during the process of laboratory testing.
By way of conclusion, given that there is not yet anything more suitable and appropriate to replace animal experiments, it is to be considered the plus side because it serves as an effective measure to develop treatments for human diseases and promote the diversity of other animal species as well.
解析
题目有关动物实验(animal testing)的争议,给出了正反相方的观点。支持动物实验的观点主要认为动物实验是研发新药行之有效的手段,同时也进一步保护了动物物种。而反对方则认为动物实验是不人道的,且动物实验的效果尚且不明确。根据题目的要求。考生可采取以下的布局:
第一段:总结正反双方的观点;提出个人见解——动物实验,相较于人类实验,在医学实验领域中是更可取的。
第二段:从正面论述,讲述动物实验带来的好处:动物实验帮助研发出治疗多种疾病的药品;动物本身也能受益。
第三段:从反面论述,驳斥动物实验会给动物带来伤害的观点。
或者第三段:总结全文,重申观点:支持动物实验。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3831768.html
相关试题推荐
(1)Vibrationsinthegroundareapoorlyunderstoodbutprobablywidespread
(1)Vibrationsinthegroundareapoorlyunderstoodbutprobablywidespread
(1)Vibrationsinthegroundareapoorlyunderstoodbutprobablywidespread
Withtheincreasingdemandsofnewmedicines,animaltestingisinwidespread
A、A.Backgroundchecks.B、Drugtesting.C、Six-yearworkexperience.D、Medical
Thatlargeanimalsrequirealuxuriantvegetation,hasbeenageneralassumpt
Thatlargeanimalsrequirealuxuriantvegetation,hasbeenageneralassumpt
Thatlargeanimalsrequirealuxuriantvegetation,hasbeenageneralassumpt
Thatlargeanimalsrequirealuxuriantvegetation,hasbeenageneralassumpt
[originaltext]A:Anincreasingcommonreasonfortestingthesedaysisenvironm
随机试题
某女,每在两次月经之间阴道少量出血,色紫黑有块,少腹刺痛,胸闷烦躁,最佳选方是A
将15.45修约成三位有效数字,其修约值为()。A.16 B.15.4
垂直迁移表现在______和______两个方面。
丛林斑疹伤寒是由下列哪一种立克次体引起的()A.普氏立克次体B.澳大利亚立克次
化学纯化学试剂的英文标志是A.GR B.BR C.AR D.CR E.C
成组设计两样本比较的秩和检验中,描述不正确的是A.将两组数据统一由小到大编秩
对某成年男性患者的下列呼吸功能检查中,哪一项结果不正常A.潮气量为500ml
"近朱者赤,近墨者黑"说明了什么道理A.人的行为具有生物性 B.人的行为往往受
缺碘引起的甲状腺肿大属于A、病理性增生 B、代偿性肥大 C、代偿性增生 D
关于支气管哮喘发作的临床表现,下列哪项不正确?A.强迫端坐位 B.出现严重呼气
最新回复
(
0
)