2. 职称英语
  3. Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, and ways of life of

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, and ways of life of

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问题     Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this 【C1】______, every group has a culture, 【C2】______undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the anthropologist, there is no【C3】______of one culture over another, just as to the linguist there is no hierarchy among languages.
    People once saw the languages of backward groups as【C4】______, undeveloped forms of speech,【C5】______ largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general 【C6】______ as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact【C7】______ by the study of " backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description. Most languages of uncivilized groups are,【C8】______ our most severe standards, extremely complex and【C9】______pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall【C10】______ our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all languages needs,【C11】______only in their vocabularies.
    Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted; First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary【C12】______, either by putting together words already in 【C13】______or by borrowing them from other languages and【C14】______them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in " backward " languages,【C15】______ different from ours, are often surprisingly 【C16】______ and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness("this" and "that"); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person【C17】______, or removed from both, or out of【C18】______, or in the past, or in the future.
    This study of language,【C19】______, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of【C20】______or hierarchy. [br] 【C5】
选项 A、composing
B、assembling
C、constituting
D、consisting
答案 D
解析 动词辨析题。四个选项都与“构成”相关，但用法不同：compose常用于be composed of结构。例如：Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen．assemble表示“组装，集合”，如：The aircraft will continue to be assembled in France．constitute是及物动词，例如：The rise in crime constitutes a threat to society．consist常与介词of或in搭配，例如：The audience consisted mainly of teenagers．由于原句空格后接的介词是of，所以[D]consisting是答案。
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