首页
登录
职称英语
Virtually everything astronomers known about objects outside the solar syste
Virtually everything astronomers known about objects outside the solar syste
游客
2024-10-12
25
管理
问题
Virtually everything astronomers known about objects outside the solar system is based on the detection of photons-quanta of electromagnetic radiation. Yet there is another form of radiation that permeates the universe: neutrinos (中微子). With (as its name implies) no electric charge, and negligible mass, the neutrino interacts with other particles so rarely that a neutrino can cross the entire universe, even traversing substantial aggregations of matter, without being absorbed or even deflected. Neutrinos can thus escape from regions of space where light and other kinds of electromagnetic radiation are blocked by matter. Furthermore, neutrinos carry with them information about the site and circumstances of their production: therefore, the detection of cosmic neutrinos could provide new information about a wide variety of cosmic phenomena and about the history of the universe.
But how can scientists detect a particle that interacts so infrequently with other matter? Twenty-five years passed between Pauli’s hypothesis that the neutrino existed and its actual detection: since then virtually all research with neutrinos has been with neutrinos created artificially in large particle accelerators and studied under neutrino microscopes. But a neutrino telescope, capable of detecting cosmic neutrinos, is difficult to construct. No apparatus can detect neutrinos unless it is extremely massive, because great mass is synonymous with huge numbers of nucleons (neutrons and protons), and the more massive the detector, the greater the probability of one of its nucleon’s reacting with a neutrino. In addition, the apparatus must be sufficiently shielded from the interfering effects of other particles.
Fortunately, a group of astrophysicists has proposed a means of detecting cosmic neutrinos by harnessing the mass of the ocean. Named DUMAND, for Deep Underwater Muon and Neutrino Detector, the project calls for placing an array of light, sensors at a depth of five kilometers under the ocean surface. The detecting medium is the seawater itself: when a neutrino interacts with a particle in an atom of seawater, the result is a cascade of electrically charged particles and a flash of light that can be detected by the sensors. The five kilometers of seawater above the sensors will shield them from the interfering effects of other high-energy particles raining down through the atmosphere.
The strongest motivation for the DUMAND project is that it wilt exploit an important source of information about the universe. The extension of astronomy from visible light to radio waves to x-rays and gamma rays never failed to lead to the discovery of unusual objects such as radio galaxies, quasars (类星体), and pulsars (脉冲星). Each of these discoveries came as a surprise. Neutrino astronomy will doubtless bring its own share of surprises. [br] The neutrinos are hard to detect most probably because of
选项
A、their ability to escape from different regions of space.
B、their inability to penetrate dense matter.
C、the similarity of their structure to that of nucleons.
D、the infrequency of their interaction with other matter.
答案
D
解析
推断题。原文虽然没有直接提到中微子难以探测的原因,但是第2段首句中的定语从句暗示了中微子难以探测与它极少和别的物质起反应密切相关,由此可见,选项D是最可能造成中微子难以探测的原因。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3797945.html
相关试题推荐
Everythingintheuniverseundergoes______developmentandchange.A、continuous
Shehurtmyfeelings______ratherthanbyaccident.A、virtuallyB、literallyC、deli
Themanstopstotakehisdogoutsidetodoexercisebecause[br][originaltext
Themanstopstotakehisdogoutsidetodoexercisebecause[originaltext]M:Th
Thebusthat______outsidetheinnwouldsoontakethevisitorsdowntown.A、heldb
Themandidn’tputhisluggageoutsidethedoorontimebecause______.[br][o
Themandidn’tputhisluggageoutsidethedoorontimebecause______.[br][o
Themandidn’tputhisluggageoutsidethedoorontimebecause______.[origina
Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely______totheoutsidewo
Wewill______buildingworkinAugustofnextyearifeverythinggoessmoothly.A、
随机试题
Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrel
SURCHARGE:A、discountB、declineC、deficiencyD、responsibilityE、underperformance
AboutfortypercentofallemailtrafficintheUnitedStatesisspam,andt
Volcanicfireandglacialicearenaturalenemies.Eruptionsatglaciatedvo
师生交往系统一般有集中型、松散型和()三种典型方式。A.单向型 B.外倾性
对
以下哪个作品出自元代()。A.长生殿 B.南柯记 C.牡丹亭 D.倩
注册会计师执行的下列审计程序中,属于细节测试的是( )。A、分析各个月份销售费用
患者女性,30岁,主诉有渐进性乏力,体重减轻,食欲减退,体检发现皮肤全青铜色,患
某三层无筋砌体结构房屋,层高均为3600mm,横墙间距7800mm,横墙长度60
最新回复
(
0
)