The introduction of non-native " exotic" species is now seen as a major thre

游客2024-09-24 33

问题 The introduction of non-native " exotic" species is now seen as a major threat to biodiversity. In 1825, a particularly vigorous female clone of itadori ( called Japanese knotweed) was introduced into Holland and later distributed throughout Europe by the plant collector and nurseryman, Von Seybold. British gardeners loved it and by 1886 it was even found growing on cinder tips in South Wales. By the turn of the century, the plant had colonized many other sites, and gardeners were advised against planting it in shrubberies. By 1994, it was almost everywhere railways, riversides, hedgerows, cemeteries swamping a wide range of habitats and displacing rare species. Botanists fearing that the plant is still spreading and may yet colonize other new habitats have generated recent attempts to eradicate it by mechanical and chemical methods, all in vain as yet.
The evidence stacked against Japanese knotweed is damning. But there is a deep anxiety that behind the desire to correct human ecological cook-ups often manifested as a passion to save endangered species and vulnerable ecosystems is a thinly disguised xenophobia; that we are simply seeing yet another form of ecological imperialism which defines what is "natural" based on human preferences.
But whatever our reaction to "problem" or alien species is, it must involve moral decisions; and who should make such decisions and to what degree they are accountable must also be up for review. The conclusions of scientists and other sections of society may differ vastly about what to do about the introduced animals and plants. For example, the scheme to control rabbits in Australia by deliberately spreading the disease myxomatosis was a success in that huge numbers of rabbits were wiped out for the greater good the " health" of Australian ecosystems. But would inflicting such a horrifically slow agonizing death on sentient creatures win popular support if it were proposed today?
Scientists of biodiversity are by their very nature concerned with the organization of species into systems and not necessarily with the interests and well-being of individuals, particularly those that are seen as a threat to the maintenance of those systems. Yet there is a growing feeling for the democratization of decisions concerning nonhuman life. The movement towards environmental values must surely involve a movement away from imperialism and a search for a relationship with nature as it truly is, rather than as we would design it. Then, when our lawns have long disappeared, we may yet come to honor the humble dandelion. [br] What does the word "xenophobia" (Line 3, Para. 2) mean?

选项 A、The ecological disorders.
B、The passion to save the endangered ecosystem.
C、The ecological imperialism.
D、The fear for alien species.

答案 D

解析由题千关键词将信息定位于第二段破折号处。由上下文可知，作者认为日本节草的命运反映了人们为维护本地生物多样性而表现出的一种排外心理，由此可推断出xenophobia意为“仇外，惧外症”，由此可知答案为[D]。

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The introduction of non-native " exotic" species is now seen as a major thre

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