首页
登录
职称英语
The Element of Norms1. Definition of norms 【T1】_____
The Element of Norms1. Definition of norms 【T1】_____
游客
2024-09-16
11
管理
问题
The Element of Norms
1. Definition of norms
【T1】______maintained by a society【T1】______
2. Classifications of norms
formal
written down
【T2】______for punishment of violators【T2】______
【T3】______【T3】______
generally understood
【T4】______【T4】______
【T5】______: regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society【T5】______
folkways:【T6】______【T6】______
3.【T7】______【T7】______
not followed【T8】______【T8】______
【T9】______in some instances【T9】______
exceptions
【T10】______【T10】______ [br] 【T5】
In this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
(a thirty-second interval)
Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.
The Element of Norms
Good afternoon, everybody. Today we’ll go on with our discussion about "The Element of Norms".
What are norms? Norms can be defined as the established standards of behavior maintained by a society. Well, you know, all societies have ways of encouraging and enforcing what they view as appropriate behavior while discouraging and punishing what they consider to be improper conducts.
Now we’ll have a look at the types of norms. Sociologists distinguish norms in two ways. First, norms can be classified as formal and informal. Formal norms have generally been written down and involve strict rules for punishment of violators. Laws are an example of formal norms, because in a political sense, the law is the body of rules, made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the state. Besides, the requirements for a college major are also formal norms.
By contrast, informal norms are generally understood but are not precisely recorded. Standards of proper dress are a common example of informal norms. Our society has no specific punishment or sanction if a student comes to college dressed quite differently from everyone else.
Second, norms are also classified by their relative importance to society. When classified this way, they are known as mores and folkways. Mores are norms that are regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most valuable principles of a people. Each society demands obedience to its mores, and violation can lead to severe penalties. For example, our society has strong mores against murder and treason. Folkways are norms governing everyday behavior whose violation raises relatively little concern. For example, walking up a " down" escalator in a department store challenges our standards of appropriate behavior, but it will not result in a fine or a jail sentence.
Now we’ll talk about the acceptance of norms. First, norms, whether mores or folkways, are not followed in all situations. For example, although smoking in public is forbidden, we often find people smoking in buses or other public places.
Second, norms are violated in some instances because one norm conflicts with another. Take family violence for example. If you decide to intervene by calling the police, you are violating the norm of "mind your own business" or "don’t interfere with other family’s business" , while at the same time you are following the norm of assisting a victim of violence.
Then, even when norms do not conflict, there are always exceptions to any norm. The same action, under different circumstances, can cause one to be viewed either as a hero or as a villain. For example, Eavesdropping on telephone conversation is normally considered illegal or mean, but it can be done by the police to obtain valid evidence for a criminal trial.
Acceptance of norms is also subjected to change, as the political, economic, and social conditions of a culture are transformed. For example, under traditional norms, a woman was expected to marry, rear children, and remain at home if her husband could support the family. However, these norms have been changing in recent decades, and more and more women are ready to or encouraged to have her own career and support the family together with her husband.
To sum up, norms are established standards of behavior maintained by a society. They are distinguished in two ways, that is, formal or informal norms according to their formality, and mores and folkways according to their relative importance to society. People in a culture normally follow its norms, but acceptance of norms differs in different situations and social conditions.
That’s all. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
mores
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3760098.html
相关试题推荐
______linesare,bydefinition,linesonthesameplanethatneverjoin.A、Latera
UnderstandingTypesofPoemsI.EpicpoemsA.Definition:—
UnderstandingTypesofPoemsI.EpicpoemsA.Definition:—
UnderstandingTypesofPoemsI.EpicpoemsA.Definition:—
UnderstandingTypesofPoemsI.EpicpoemsA.Definition:—
UnderstandingTypesofPoemsI.EpicpoemsA.Definition:—
UnderstandingTypesofPoemsI.EpicpoemsA.Definition:—
TheElementofNorms1.Definitionofnorms【T1】_____
TheElementofNorms1.Definitionofnorms【T1】_____
TheElementofNorms1.Definitionofnorms【T1】_____
随机试题
America’seconomicrecoveryremainsuncomfortablyweak.Thelatestdatashow
[originaltext]M:Ididn’tseeyouincreativewritingclasstoday.Whathappene
A.电路有储能元件L,要产生过渡过程 B.电路有储能元件且发生换路,要产生过渡
在物质和精神生活中,由于感受和意识到自己的理想和目标而得到精神上的满足,称之为A
6岁男孩,发热1周伴头痛、呕吐,呕吐为喷射性,吐后头疼不缓解,于今日入院。查体:
简述教学的基本任务。
风邪的特性是A.收引B.开泄C.重浊D.黏滞E.干涩
幼年时生长激素分泌不足会导致 A.呆小症B.侏儒症C.肢端肥大症D.黏液
某男,50岁。冠心病心绞痛病史5年,查血清肌酐、尿素氮均增高。近因劳累复发,心前
某轻工企业安全生产标准化二级企业证书有效期即将到期,该企业张总经理、体系管理代表
最新回复
(
0
)