[originaltext] M: Hello and welcome to today’s program. I’m David. W: And

M: Hello and welcome to today’s program. I’m David.
   W: And I’m Jessica.
   M: Jessica, I can’t get out of my head what Mark Zuckerberg, you know, the guy who created Facebook, said recently.
   W: Oh, I know, he made a serious promise to give away 99% of his shares in Face-book over the course of his lifetime. The shares are currently worth around $45bn.
   M: Why did he decide to give his fortune away? It’s puzzling to me.
   W: It’s an act of philanthropy — which means helping others, especially by giving large amounts of money to good causes.
   M: And philanthropy is the subject of this show.
   W: Yes. Zuckerberg was inspired to give away his fortune by the birth of his daughter Max. In a letter to Max posted on Facebook, he talks about using the money to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation.
   M: But don’t worry about Zuckerberg, it’s probably fair to say that he will remain extremely well off even after giving away his fortune.
   W: Well, that’s true. Do you know who was the most generous philanthropist in the US last year?
   M: I’ve no idea. Zuckerberg?
   W: No.
   M: Then I’m going to say Bill Gates.
   W: Actually it’s Warren Buffett. He made his $73 billion fortune from investments, and donated $2.8 billion to charity last year, bringing his lifetime total to almost $23 billion, according to Forbes. That’s a large sum!
   M: Yes, sure.
   W: Zuckerberg is the latest in a long line of billionaire entrepreneurs to turn philanthropist and use his money for good causes. Did you know that some of the earliest American philanthropists were robber barons?
   M: Robber barons? What does it mean?
   W: They’re business people who use unethical — or morally wrong — business tactics to gain large personal fortunes. Nineteenth-century entrepreneurs like Rockefeller, Carnegie and Ford were robber barons. They built up huge empires in industry — oil, steel, railways, and cars — and were largely responsible for transforming the United States from an agricultural nation into an industrial one. But as the barons got older, they decided they wanted to give back to society, and turned to philanthropy. Andrew Carnegie believed that wealth should be spent to make the world a better place.
   M: That sounds too warm and fuzzy for a cruel robber baron.
   W: People change, David! When he died, Carnegie had given away a total of $350 million to the state to spend on public works. That’s around $8 billion in today’s money.
   M: Well, maybe that’s why the very word philanthropy does not necessarily have 100% positive connotations for the public at large.
   W: So I think it’s in everyone’s interests to try and broaden out the concept of philanthropy into a wider notion of giving, making a contribution, making a difference.
   M: Yes, everyone can donate.
   W: That’s right. Well, that’s the end of today’s program. Please join us again soon!
   M: Bye.
   This is the end of Conversation One. Questions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.
   Question 1
   What does philanthropy mean?
   (pause: 10 seconds)
   Question 2
   How does Zuckerberg want to use the donated money?
   (pause: 10 seconds)
   Question 3
   How much has Buffet donated in all?
   (pause: 10 seconds)
   Question 4
   According to the woman, who can be called a robber baron?
   (pause: 10 seconds)
   Question 5
   How can we broaden the concept of philanthropy?
   (pause: 10 seconds)