首页
登录
职称英语
The Linguistic Gift of Babies Critical age Decline of babies’ language
The Linguistic Gift of Babies Critical age Decline of babies’ language
游客
2024-09-02
29
管理
问题
The Linguistic Gift of Babies
Critical age
Decline of babies’ language learning ability occurs at the age
of【T1】_____. 【T1】_________
Lab work
Research focus:
■ How babies learn 【T2】_________in the first critical pe- 【T2】_________
riod.
Research aims:
■ Developing a model for babies in their critical periods of
— language acquisition
— social, emotional and 【T3】_________development 【T3】_________
Research process:
■ Babies needs to listen.
■ They are trained to turn his head when 【T4】_______. 【T4】_________
■ A panda bear pounds a drum if the babies are correct.
Participants:
■ 【T5】________babies. 【T5】_________
Results:
■ Babies can 【T6】________of all languages. 【T6】_________
■ Babies become language-bound listeners before【T7】_________. 【T7】_________
— sound reaction between American and Japanese babies.
- 6 to 8 months old: 【T8】________. 【T8】_________
- two months later: 【T9】________. 【T9】_________
■ Two events during the critical two months:
—【T10】_______when listening to a language. 【T10】_________
Change of babies’ brains when distributions grow.
Conclusion
Language learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable. [br] 【T6】
The Linguistic Gift of Babies
Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I’m going to talk about something you can’t see, that is , what’s going on in the little brain of a baby. For example, how babies learn a language? It is always a question people show great interest in.
Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven, and then there’s a systematic decline. Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development—and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language. We think, by studying how the sounds are learned, we’ll have a model for the rest of language, and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development. So we’ve been studying the babies by conducting an experiment. During our experiment, the baby, usually a six-monther, sits on a parent’s lap, and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from "ah" to "ee." If they do so at the appropriate time, the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum.
What have we learned? Well, babies all over the world are what I like to describe as "citizens of the world." They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages, no matter what country we’re testing and what language we’re using, and that’s remarkable because you know I can’t do that. We’re culture-bound listeners. We can discriminate the sounds of our own language, but not those of foreign languages. So the question arises: when do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are? And the answer: before their first birthdays. What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States, here in Seattle, as they listened to the "ra" and "la"—sounds important to English, but not to Japanese. So at six to eight months the babies are totally equivalent. Two months later something, something incredible occurs. The babies in the United States are getting a lot better, while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.
So the question is: what is happening during the critical two-month period? We know this is the critical period for sound development, but what’s going on up there? Maybe there are two things going on. The first is that the babies are listening intently to us, and they’re taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they are taking statistics. That is to say, the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.
During the production of speech, when babies listen, what they’re doing is taking statistics. That is, sound distribution on the language that they hear. And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more. And what we’ve learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics, and the statistics of Japanese and English are very, very different. I mean, the sound distribution of both languages is different. So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains; it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are, because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.
In this case, of course, we’re arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distributions stabilize. Ok, today, we just talked about a recent project on babies’ language development. In our next lecture, we will concentrate on bilingual people—how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.
选项
答案
discriminate/differentiate/distinguish/identify|tell(all/the)sounds/tell the difference
解析
要点题。录音中提到“They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages…”,所以关键词是discriminate和sound,根据语意也可以填differentiate、distinguish等同义词。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3740054.html
相关试题推荐
Itisnotsomuchthelanguage_____theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthefilmd
Bitbybit,achildmakesthenecessarychangestomakehislanguage_____.A、aso
Marywas______totearsbytheircriticism.A、sunkB、reducedC、forcedD、declined
A.clinicalB.communicationC.compromisesD.criticallyE.elimina
A.clinicalB.communicationC.compromisesD.criticallyE.elimina
A.clinicalB.communicationC.compromisesD.criticallyE.elimina
A.clinicalB.communicationC.compromisesD.criticallyE.elimina
A.clinicalB.communicationC.compromisesD.criticallyE.elimina
Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesand
Itisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesand
随机试题
[originaltext]BadweatherforcedmissionmanagerstopostponelaunchingNASA
[originaltext]W:GregorywillbeleavingthisSundayandit’salsohisbirthday
下列技术经济指标中,属于公共建筑设计方案的技术经济指标的是( )。A.体型系数
女性,30岁,Ⅰ型糖尿病病史10年,长期饮食控制及胰岛素治疗,血糖控制可。出现反
高脂肪、高糖含量的食物有害人的健康。因此,既然越来越多的国家明令禁止未成年人吸烟
李某购买的商品房交付后,经检测室内空气质量不符合国家标准。预计李某治理空气污染的
生活好了,人们越来越喜欢外出旅游度假。但在旅游中应当如何注意个人行为、体现旅游文
一般资料:某男,25岁,初中毕业,车工,目前已病休1年。 案例介绍:5年前在车
(2021年真题)甲公司职工钱某在上班期间因操作失误致使手臂损伤而住院治疗。下列
在我国,纳入政府非税收入管理的财政资本有( )。A.彩票公益金 B.行政事业性
最新回复
(
0
)