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Michelangelo, Napoleon, Thomas Edison, and Madonna all have something in com

游客2024-08-21  16
问题     Michelangelo, Napoleon, Thomas Edison, and Madonna all have something in common—they have all claimed to only need four hours’ sleep a night. Does this prove that the key to success is to sleep less? On the contrary, most people need more sleep to keep healthy, regulate there emotions and strengthen cognitive skills such as memory. What actually happens during sleep that recharges our body and makes us healthy?

    A sleep cycle, which usually takes about 90—110 minutes, is divided into two phases, non-rapid eye movement (NREM)and rapid eye movement (REM). During the first stage of NREM, which is drowsiness, our muscle activity slows down, but we are still not fully asleep. After ten minutes, our bodies enter the second stage of NERM, light sleep, which lasts about twenty minutes. Our breathing and heart rate slow down and then we enter deep sleep, stages three and four. These are the most restorative (有助于恢复健康和体力的)stages. Our blood pressure drops, growth and development hormones (荷尔蒙)are released and energy is regained. We then enter the second phase of the sleep cycle, REM sleep, which is when our brain is most active and the majority of dreams occur. Scientists believe that dreaming allows the processing and retention of memories. This phase usually lasts about ten minutes and then the cycle is repeated. A person may go through four or five sleep cycles a night.
    Sleep deprivation, not getting enough sleep, has a number of negative consequences. Besides feeling tired and moody, drowsy people usually have more difficulty remembering facts, concentrating on tasks, and reacting to situations. For example, in the USA alone, more than 56,000 car accidents a year are caused by drivers feeling sleepy.
    So, although Thomas Edison regarded sleep as a waste of time, most people do need more than just a few hours of sleep a night. It is the easiest way to become a smarter and healthier person.
Questions 56—60
Complete the chart with no more than three words from the passage.
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选项
答案 sleep deprivation
解析 (前文说到了睡眠对身体的益处，下文便开始说剥夺睡眠对身体的害处。再根据文章第三段的第一句，可知此处填sleep deprivation。)
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