首页
登录
职称英语
Any cat or dog owner will tell you that their pet has an individual personali
Any cat or dog owner will tell you that their pet has an individual personali
游客
2024-08-14
8
管理
问题
Any cat or dog owner will tell you that their pet has an individual personality, different from other people’ s pets. But recent research has indicated that different types of personalities are found amongst a far wider range of species than was previously supposed, including not only mammals, but also birds and fish.
【B1】________ Different animals within the same species might show different degrees of readiness to explore unknown territory, but this was just a response to the availability of food or potential mates. If an animal was lucky enough to be in a place where food was plentiful, it would not venture far, whereas in a different environment, it would develop a bolder personality. One early piece of research to question this was published by Huntingford in 1976. She noticed that sticklebacks often displayed the same degree of aggression or sociability towards others in their group at all stages in their life cycle. Such factors as whether they were seeking mates did not affect their behaviour. This seemed to imply that some sticklebacks were more bold and others less so, not because of their circumstances or a predictable stage in their life but because of something more mysterious called ’personality’ they were simply made like that.
【B2】________ In the case of ants, individuals follow different developmental paths so that they take on different roles within the colony, such as soldiers or workers. In some species of insects, an individual may even change its function over time, as in bees, some of whom start out as workers and later become food hunters. But these kind of roles are not the same as personality. They exist within a large social organism so that it runs smoothly. Personality, on the other hand, is not aimed at maintaining any kind of larger whole.
【B3】________Different traits have both good and bad consequences, so there is no reason why evolution should favour one over another. Bolder individuals do better when it comes to searching for food but they are also more likely to be eaten by a predator. They may have more success in attracting mates but they are also more likely to fight with rivals and be injured.
【B4】________For example, studies show that in the case of birds, adventurous individuals are also likely to be less effective at parenting and that their offspring are less likely to reach maturity, a further instance of how personality traits may work against the preservation of the species. In one study of sheep by Denis Reale, it was found that the male animals who showed more aggression reproduced earlier in life whereas the less aggressive ones bred later. At the same time, the first group tended to die at a younger age. The more docile rams did not start breeding until later, but they generally lived longer, so in the end they produced the same number of young as their more aggressive peers.
【B5】________One theory is that all personality traits arise from a choice between a small number of fundamental preferences, such as whether an animal tends to seek or avoid risk. It is an open question too, as to what extent these choices might be the same for human personalities.
Questions 61 -65
Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use.
A. How exactly these complex syndromes come about is difficult to determine.
B. The presence of one trait will often go hand in hand with another, creating clusters of traits known in psychology as behavioural syndromes.
C. It was formally believed that if behaviour varied between members of the same species, this was the result of adaptation to different circumstances.
D. A reference to the theory is that personality traits are the result of differences in environment.
E. Of course, there can be other reasons besides personality or environment which cause members of the same species to act differently.
F. Possible dangers associated with boldness indicate a personality trait.
G. Personality differences are difficult to explain from an evolutionary point of view. [br] 【B5】
选项
答案
A
解析
该空后面提到“一种理论认为,所有个性特征都是由少数基本偏好之间的选择产生的,例如动物是否倾向于寻求或避免风险”。由此可知,该空应该与行为综合征是如何发生的有关,符合条件的只有A项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3719233.html
相关试题推荐
Anycatordogownerwilltellyouthattheirpethasanindividualpersonali
Anycatordogownerwilltellyouthattheirpethasanindividualpersonali
Anycatordogownerwilltellyouthattheirpethasanindividualpersonali
Anycatordogownerwilltellyouthattheirpethasanindividualpersonali
Thebicyclewasnotinventedbyoneindividualorinonecountry.Ittookne
Thebicyclewasnotinventedbyoneindividualorinonecountry.Ittookne
Thebicyclewasnotinventedbyoneindividualorinonecountry.Ittookne
Someindividualsandcitizens’groupshaveexpressedconcernaboutthelevel
Someindividualsandcitizens’groupshaveexpressedconcernaboutthelevel
Someindividualsandcitizens’groupshaveexpressedconcernaboutthelevel
随机试题
[originaltext]M:I’vealreadytakenoneofthosepills,buttheheadacheissti
( )是指调查人员以局外人的身份深入调查现场,从侧面观察、记录所发生的市场行为
变压器中绝缘油的作用是()。A.灭弧和散热 B.限流和灭弧 C.绝缘和散热
某运输企业于2016年年初投资3000万元购买一台设备,预计使用期限为10年,年
教学评价的目的对{}、教学方法以及学生培养方案做出决策。
班主任的评语要生动而具体,既要展现学生的优点,也要坦诚地指出其不足。()
单室模型静脉滴注血药浓度随时间变化的公式是A.C=k0(1-e-kt)/VkB.
下列关于胆汁的描述,哪些是正确的? A.胆盐是血红蛋白盼代谢产物 B.
患者男,50岁。行6断根拔除术,术中断根突然消失,此时首先应做的是A.冲水吸根
胃液中内因子的作用为A、抑制胃蛋白酶的激活 B、参与胃黏膜屏障作用 C、激活
最新回复
(
0
)