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  3. Most works of art are kept indoors, in a gallery, private home, office buildi

Most works of art are kept indoors, in a gallery, private home, office buildi

游客2024-08-10  24
问题    Most works of art are kept indoors, in a gallery, private home, office building, or museum. One category of artwork, fashioned to be on display outdoors, defies such cloistering. It is known as public art, and it is meant to be viewed easily by any passer-by. By definition, public art shapes the environment of a community. In recent decades, most supporters of public art have advocated a two-way relationship, in which the people of a community should shape public art as well.

   North America provides excellent examples of the ways in which ethnicity shapes the impulse to create public art. Multiple and overlapping waves of immigration into the United States and Canada have ensured that any truly local art movement will draw subjects and styles from many traditions. The best of such art expresses what a given ethnic group has experienced in North America , not merely what their ancestors experienced in " the old country".
   California’s Chicanos—descendants of immigrants from Mexico—have led the way in making public art that depicts an ethnic community’s interests. A critical aspect of this was the struggle by a predominantly Chicano labor union, the United Farm Workers(UFW), for better working conditions in California during the 1960s. To support the UFW’s efforts, highly accomplished Chicano artists in Los Angeles, in Sacramento, and elsewhere, placed posters, murals, and other politically charged works in public spaces. They drew attention as much for their beauty as for their message. After the UFW issue faded, the demand persisted for public art in the styles pioneered during the campaign. The complex murals that adorn sides of buildings throughout central and southern California , featuring elements of indigenous Mexican cultures mixed with scenes and symbols from Mexican-American life, carry the expression forward.
   The Mural Arts Program(MAP)in Philadelphia has supported some of the most ambitious community-based public art in North America. In 1984, the MAP was launched as part of a campaign to fight a plague of graffiti in the city. In a novel approach to the problem, young people caught spraying graffiti on structures in Philadelphia were directed to MAP to work under professional muralists and produce murals that beautified neighborhoods rather than graffiti that defaced them. The MAP has since left its graffiti-busting past behind and has become an outlet for community expression.
   Public sculptures in many North American cities express traditional and modern aspects of American-Indian life. For example, Marvin Oliver, whose ancestors include members of the Quinault Indian Nation in the Pacific Northwest, has fashioned several large public works. His Eagle Bearing Wealth is an eight-foot tall column of Douglas fir carved and painted to resemble a totem pole traditional among Indians of the Northwest Coast. It stands on the campus of North Seattle Community College in Seattle, Washington.
   Countless other ethnic groups have left, and are leaving, their marks on North American public art. The stonemason TorkjelLandsverk erected beautifully textured ornamental walls and monuments in Iowa and Minnesota during the late 19 th century and early 20th. While a modern eye might skip over them as just more examples of stodgy, old fixtures expressing little, they are anything but boring. Their rough-hewn character skillfully reflects an aesthetic appreciation for hard-to-tame nature among Norwegian-Americans in the Upper Midwest.
Questions 71 to 75
Complete the summary below with information from the passage, using no more than three words for each blank.
   Different from most works of art, public art is usually on display outdoors. Public art shapes【R1】______of a community and is also shaped by the people of a community. North America provides excellent examples of public art. The UFW’s efforts in demanding better【R2】______were expressed in the form of public art like posters, murals, and politically charged works. The MAP in Philadelphia made young people who【R3】______produce murals that beautified neighborhoods. Traditional and modern American-Indian life is shown in【R4】______, such as Marvin Oliver’s Eagle Bearing Wealth standing on the campus of North Seattle Community College. Different【R5】______ have left and are leaving their works on North American public art like TorkjelLandsverk’s ornamental walls and monuments in Iowa and Minnesota. [br] 【R3】
选项
答案 sprayed graffiti
解析 (由第四段第三句young people caught spraying graffiti on structures in Philadelphia were directed to MAP to work under professional muralists and produce murals that beautified neighborhoods rather than graffiti that defaced them．可知，在墙上涂鸦的年轻人被要求在专业壁画家的指导下做壁画。)
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