首页
登录
职称英语
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the
游客
2024-08-08
43
管理
问题
The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful movement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept "sense of trust" is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the child’s satisfying experiences at this early age.
Studies of mentally ill individuals and observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise deprived of love in infancy.
Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that "Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time present a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc." Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the same conclusion.
Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected. It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react so badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith that now has been shattered.
In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moment’s notice. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age.
We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find smiles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers’ encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the children’s needs and by their overall attitude. [br] The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs ______.
选项
A、before maternal affection is provided
B、when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environment
C、when a child successfully controls his or her muscular coordination
D、as a result of maternal separation
答案
B
解析
倒数第三段It is at about this age that the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart.可得知如果婴儿和他们所熟悉的环境分开时就会发生the climax in the development of a sense of trust,故选项B为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://tihaiku.com/zcyy/3710822.html
相关试题推荐
WhatistheadvantageofthenewtechnologybeingdevelopedbyNurEnergyCompan
WhatistheadvantageofthenewtechnologybeingdevelopedbyNurEnergyCompan
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
Oneofthemostinterestingdevelopmentsinthetoymarkethasbeenthe【21】i
WhohasalowerriskofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease?A、Peoplewhohavereceive
随机试题
1Owingtothewidespreadexpansionofcasinos,thecostofpathological
【B1】[br]【B15】A、experimentsB、developmentsC、investmentsD、movementsB名词辨义题。这个句
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonth
结肠癌根治术后,人工肛门开放初期,患者宜采取的体位是A.左侧卧位 B.右侧卧位
下肢静脉曲张常见的好发溃疡的部位是A.小腿下1/3外侧 B.足踝 C.足背外
男性,60岁。咳嗽、乏力、无痰2个月,曾予青霉素80万单位肌注,2次/日,共用5
人民币通知存款利率较活期存款高,是大额资金管理的好方式,但其开户及取款起点较高:
我国《集体合同规定》中规定,集体协商主要采取()的形式。A.三方谈判 B.口头
()又称为序列化面试。A:单独面试 B:小组面试 C:一次性面试 D:情景
单位工程竣工成本分析包括的内容有()。 A.目标利润分析 B.目
最新回复
(
0
)