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  3. For many years Garry Kasparov, a world chess champion, said that a computer

For many years Garry Kasparov, a world chess champion, said that a computer

游客2024-06-16  39
问题     For many years Garry Kasparov, a world chess champion, said that a computer would never beat him. In May 1997 he had to eat his words. Deep Blue, an invention of IBM, did just that.
    This demonstrated processing power rather than intelligence. Computers are generally good at solving specific problems, not specifically good at solving general ones.
    Thomas Serre and his colleagues at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have built a computer processing system that tries to work in this general way. Among the tasks that computers are bad at is recognising broad categories of images. Tell one to search for something specific, such as a rectangle, and it can succeed in doing the task. Ask it to find "animals" among photographs of dragonflies(蜻蜓), trees and monkeys, and it fails.
    That, at least, was how it used to be. But as Dr. Serre describes, his computer handles this problem rather well. In a recent test it even did a little better than humans.
    Given the briefest of glances at a picture, most people believe they have not had time to recognise anything in it at all. Ask them whether they saw an animal and they consider themselves to be making a futile guess. Yet those guesses are right much more often than they are wrong. That is because the brain can carry out immediate visual processing even when it does not have time for any cognitive answer.
    That is the purpose of Dr. Serre’s computer. His project is nothing less than an attempt to reverse-engineer the relevant part of the brain. That part is the ventral(腹面的,腹部的)visual pathway. Anatomy(解剖学) shows that it is organised into numerous areas. Experiments on monkeys give strong hints about how it works.
    Dr. Serre considered his computer’s processing units analogous to nerve cells, and he organised them into areas, just as they are in real brains. Then he let the machine learn in much the same way that babies do. The result was a model that closely imitates the ventral visual pathway.
    A system like this has obvious applications. But it also brings more subtle benefits. Based on how brains work, it may give insights into what happens when they go wrong. Real neuroscientists rely on lesions (that is, damaged areas of a brain) to help them understand what is going on in brains by seeing what happens in re sponse to particular sorts of damage. Dr. Serre has therefore "lessoned" his computer system in similar ways.
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答案 He was wrong because he was defeated by Deep Blue．
解析 由题干定位到文章首段第2句In May l997 he had to eat his words．根据第2句与首句和第3句的关系可以判断出，第2句与首句是转折关系，第3句是第2句的解释说明。因此此题应回答与Garry Kasparov所说的a computer would never beat him意思相反的句子。
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