2. 职称英语
  3. In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, p

In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, p

游客2024-06-09  23
问题     In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the retarded and the emotionally disturbed. In the same way, we have built mental institutions, cancer wards, soup kitchens, and retirement communities — all in the name of efficiency and humanitarian motivation.
    Clearly, there are compelling administrative, medical, and economic reasons why many of our thorniest human problems — illness, poverty, and old age — are better handled by specialized formal organizations than by families. But there may be other, less rational, reasons as well.
    One clue is to look at the sites where our nation’s prisons and mental hospitals were first located. Many of them are now in middle lass suburban areas, an easy drive from the urban core. But at the time they were built, these same areas were quite different — they were almost invariably secluded rural settings, located many miles from large population centers and hidden from everyday’s view. Even cemeteries emerged were typically built some distance from major cities, allowing friends and relatives to pay a visit but only met soft on a limited basis.
    Remember the cliche, "out of sight, out of mind"? Let’s face it: There are many problems that mid class Americans would prefer to shuttle aside and put out of easy reach. Too often, the attitude is, "Let somebody else take care of it. We aren’t trained and they are."
    Thus, our formal organizations help us to isolate those things we simply don’t want to see. By constructing a formal response, we are able to avoid the whole range of human misery that might otherwise disrupt our personal lives and make us feel very uncomfortable. By letting the formal system take care of terminal cancer patients, drug addicts, severely disfigured individuals, and Alzheimer’s victims, for example, we increase the subjective probability that these hideous things won’t happen to us or to our, loved ones. By distancing ourselves from human frailty and misery, we are then free to pursue our individual goals and objectives — at work and at home — without fear that the same thing might (or will) happen to us.
    Specialized institutions give us the false security of being able to go through life avoiding life’s problems — until we are forced to deal with them. This may be one reason why community based forms of treatment for mental illness, retardation, and juvenile delinquency have so often been opposed by Americans. In too many cases, even where their residents pose little, if any risk, to the neighbors, the thinking is that halfway houses belong on anybody else’s block but mine. [br] The last sentence of the passage expresses ______.
选项 A、the author’s criticism of community based forms of treatment
B、people’s false belief that they can get trouble out of their sight
C、the author’s concern about the security of some communities
D、the disputes between neighbors about the ownership of some houses
答案 B
解析 文意理解题。 本文最后一句话是：In too many cases, even where their residents pose little, if any risk, to the neighbors, the thinking is that halfway houses belong on any body else’s block but mine.意思是：那些特殊机构是别的街区的，不属于我们街区，就算这些房子里的被医治者或被改造者对邻居们不会形成太大的威胁——如果确有威胁的话。本文最后一句话批评了人们想躲避麻烦和困难的思想。人们想逃避麻烦，逃避痛苦，因而选择在偏远的、人烟稀少的地点建立专门医疗康复机构，让那些饱受生活煎熬的人获得暂时的安宁与舒缓，然而，那只不过是掩耳盗钤罢了，真正的苦难不会因为人主观无视面彻底消失，所以，B项“人们错误地认为，能够无视苦难，来摆脱其折磨”正确．A项：作者对社区治疗方式的批评；C项：作者对一些社区的安全的考虑，D项：在邻居之间关于对那些房子的所属权的争论不正确。
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