2. 职称英语
  3. In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, p

In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, p

游客2024-06-09  12
问题     In responding to social problems, we have similarly constructed hospitals, prisons, nursing homes, and "special" schools for the retarded and the emotionally disturbed. In the same way, we have built mental institutions, cancer wards, soup kitchens, and retirement communities — all in the name of efficiency and humanitarian motivation.
    Clearly, there are compelling administrative, medical, and economic reasons why many of our thorniest human problems — illness, poverty, and old age — are better handled by specialized formal organizations than by families. But there may be other, less rational, reasons as well.
    One clue is to look at the sites where our nation’s prisons and mental hospitals were first located. Many of them are now in middle lass suburban areas, an easy drive from the urban core. But at the time they were built, these same areas were quite different — they were almost invariably secluded rural settings, located many miles from large population centers and hidden from everyday’s view. Even cemeteries emerged were typically built some distance from major cities, allowing friends and relatives to pay a visit but only met soft on a limited basis.
    Remember the cliche, "out of sight, out of mind"? Let’s face it: There are many problems that mid class Americans would prefer to shuttle aside and put out of easy reach. Too often, the attitude is, "Let somebody else take care of it. We aren’t trained and they are."
    Thus, our formal organizations help us to isolate those things we simply don’t want to see. By constructing a formal response, we are able to avoid the whole range of human misery that might otherwise disrupt our personal lives and make us feel very uncomfortable. By letting the formal system take care of terminal cancer patients, drug addicts, severely disfigured individuals, and Alzheimer’s victims, for example, we increase the subjective probability that these hideous things won’t happen to us or to our, loved ones. By distancing ourselves from human frailty and misery, we are then free to pursue our individual goals and objectives — at work and at home — without fear that the same thing might (or will) happen to us.
    Specialized institutions give us the false security of being able to go through life avoiding life’s problems — until we are forced to deal with them. This may be one reason why community based forms of treatment for mental illness, retardation, and juvenile delinquency have so often been opposed by Americans. In too many cases, even where their residents pose little, if any risk, to the neighbors, the thinking is that halfway houses belong on anybody else’s block but mine. [br] The author makes the observation that people build the formal system to deal with social problems because they ______.
选项 A、believe that specialized work should be put into the specialists’ hands
B、are afraid that similar problems may happen to them one day
C、hope that their personal lives and work will not be disrupted
D、have to work and have no time to take care of the patients
答案 C
解析 文意理解题。 意为：希望他们的生活和工作不会被打乱。第5段提到，正式机构使我们摆脱掉我们不愿看到的东西，通过建立正式机构，我们能避免一系列生活的痛苦，否则，这些痛苦就会打乱我们的个人生活，使我们感到不自在。故选C项：希望个人生活和工作不被打扰，此项内容符合文章第5段的内容。A项：相信专业工作已被专家们实施，B项：他们害怕某一天同样的问题会出现在他们身上；D项：他们不得不工作所以没有时间去照顾那些病人。
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